PR 2

Review of Literature

A written summary of books, journals, and documents about past and current information on the research topic.

Purpose of Literature Review

Justifies research choices, shows importance of the topic, provides background, shows familiarity with past studies, and links the study to ongoing research.

Review of Related Literature (RRL) Writing

Organizing sources using the statement of the problem, avoiding copy-paste, highlighting gaps, using proper citation, and aligning references with the bibliography.

Citation Styles

Standard systems for referencing sources.

APA

American Psychological Association; citation style used in Social Sciences.

MLA

Modern Language Association; citation style used in Literature & Humanities.

Chicago Manual of Style

A citation style used in Humanities & Social Sciences.

APA In-text Citation

An author-date style used in Social Sciences (e.g., Mullane, 2006).

Conceptual Framework

A diagram showing relationships between variables using lines (correlation) or arrows (cause-effect).

Hypothesis

A testable statement predicting the relationship between variables.

Null Hypothesis (Ho)

States there is no significant relationship between variables.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

States there is a significant relationship between variables.

Definition of Terms

Provides conceptual (author’s meaning) and operational (measured variables) definitions used in the study.

Chapter II

Contains Related Literature, Conceptual Framework, Research Hypotheses (if applicable), and Definition of Terms.