PR 2

Review of Literature – A written summary of books, journals, and documents about past and current information on the research topic.

Purpose of Literature Review – Justifies research choices, shows importance of the topic, provides background, shows familiarity with past studies, and links the study to ongoing research.

Review of Related Literature (RRL) Writing – Organizing sources using the statement of the problem, avoiding copy-paste, highlighting gaps, using proper citation, and aligning references with the bibliography.

Citation Styles – Standard systems for referencing sources:

APA – American Psychological Association (used in Social Sciences)

MLA – Modern Language Association (used in Literature & Humanities)

Chicago Manual of Style – Used in Humanities & Social Sciences

APA In-text Citation – Author-date style used in Social Sciences (e.g., Mullane, 2006).

Conceptual Framework – A diagram showing relationships between variables using lines (correlation) or arrows (cause-effect).

Hypothesis – A testable statement predicting the relationship between variables.

Null Hypothesis (Ho) – States there is no significant relationship between variables.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) – States there is a significant relationship between variables.

Definition of Terms – Provides conceptual (author’s meaning) and operational (measured variables) definitions used in the study.

Chapter II – Contains Related Literature, Conceptual Framework, Research Hypotheses (if applicable

), and Definition of Terms.