Terminology, Anatomical Reference System, Planes, Axis, Movements

Osteo

Bone

Neuro

Nerve

Myo

Muscle

Chondro

Cartilage

Cyte

Cell

Epi

Above/over/on

Peri

Around/about

Endo

Within

-ology

Theory

-pathy

Disorder/disease

-otomy

To cut

Superior

Above, higher

Inferior

Below, lower

Superficial

Closer to the surface

Intermediate

Between superficial and deep

Deep

Further from the surface

Medial

Nearer to the medial plane, closer to the middle

Lateral

Further from the medial plane, on the outside

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Proximal

Nearer to trunk/origin

Distal

Further from trunk/origin

Plantar

Bottom of foot, top of hand

Palmar

Palm

Dorsal

Top of foot

Sagittal plane

Medial plane

Middle/centre of the body

Axial plane

Coronal plane

Sagittal axis

Coronal axis

Longitudinal axis

Flexion

Decrease angle of joint

Extension

Increase angle of joint

Dorsiflexion

Decrease angle of ankle joint

Plantarflexion

Increase angle of ankle joint

Elevation

Moving the body in a superior direction

Depression

Moving the body in a inferior direction

Eversion

Rotating the soles of the feet outwards

Inversion

Rotating the soles of the feet inwards

Abduction

Moving the limb away from the midline

Adduction

Moving the limb towards the midline

Lateral rotation

Rotating the limb away from the centre

Medial rotation

Rotating the limb towards the centre

Pronation

Palm face down

Supination

Palm face down

Retraction

Posterior movement of arm at the shoulder

Protraction

Anterior movement of arm at the shoulder

Lateral flexion

Bending spine side to side, away from the centre