11ena

Direct characterisation

is when the author describes a character's traits explicitly.

Indirect characterisation

involves the reader inferring character traits through actions or dialogue.

An archetype

is a universal character model or pattern, such as the mentor or the hero.

A foil

contrasts with another character, highlighting their traits.

A linear narrative

presents events in chronological order.

A non-linear narrative

presents events out of order, using techniques like flashbacks.

conflict

the main problem driving the story, either internal or external

Foreshadowing

provides hints about future events in a story.

The climax

is the turning point or moment of highest tension in a story.

The setting

is the time, place, and social context of the story.

pathetic fallacy

refers to attributing human emotions to nature to reflect mood.

the narrator speaks as a character in the story.

first-person

A third-person limited narrator

knows the thoughts of one character.

An unreliable narrator

is one whose credibility is questionable.

Imagery

is descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

A metaphor

is a direct comparison, such as 'Her smile was sunshine.'

A simile

uses the words 'like' or 'as' for comparison.

Symbolism

involves using objects to represent abstract ideas.

Tone

is the author’s attitude toward the subject.

The purpose of a text

is the reason the author writes it.

An audience

is the intended readers or viewers of the text.

Chronological structure

presents events or points in time order.

Juxtaposition

places contrasting ideas close together for effect.

Rhetorical questions

are posed to provoke thought rather than elicit an answer.

Hyperbole

is a deliberate exaggeration for effect.

A stanza

is a group of lines in poetry, like couplets or quatrains.

Volta

refers to a shift in tone or argument in a poem.

Alliteration

is the repetition of initial consonant sounds.

Euphemism

uses mild phrasing to soften harsh realities.

A dramatic monologue

is a poem that addresses a silent listener, revealing character indirectly.