Myology Assignment 1-4

Endomysium

Covers the individual muscle fiber or myofibrils, forming a bundle of myofibrils.

Perimysium

Covers the muscle bundles made up of individual muscle fibers.

Epimysium

Covers the entire muscle.

Parallel type

Muscle arrangement where origin and insertion have the same size and dimension (e.g., latissimus dorsi).

Fusiform

Muscle arrangement with pointed ends and a broad central portion, leaf-shaped (e.g., rectus thoracis, biceps brachii).

Unipennate

Muscle arrangement with 1 origin and 1 insertion (e.g., zygomaticus).

Bipennate

Muscle arrangement with 1 origin and 2 insertions (e.g., stapedius).

Multipennate

Muscle arrangement with 1 origin and 3 or more insertions, fan-shaped structure (e.g., serratus dorsalis cranialis, serratus ventralis thoracis, serratus dorsalis caudalis).

Convergent

Muscle arrangement with a broad origin that converges into a single tendon of insertion (e.g., fascicles).

Circular muscle

Round-shaped muscle that surrounds a body opening.

Kinesiology

A branch of Myology that deals with muscle movements; the science of muscle movements.

Adductor muscle

Muscle that moves a body part towards the midline (located in the arms and thighs).

Abductor muscle

Muscle that moves a body part away from the midline (located in the arms and thighs).

Flexor muscle

Muscle that bends the limb at its joint, decreasing the joint angle (usually located in the forearm and true leg).

Extensor muscle

Muscle that straightens the limb, increasing the joint angle (usually located in the forearm and true leg).

Levator

Muscle that raises or elevates a body part.

Depressor

Muscle that lowers or depresses a body part.

Rotator

Muscle that turns a body part on its axis (located near the joints).

Supinator

Muscle that rotates the plantar or palmar surface upward.

Pronator

Muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward.

Prime mover

Muscle directly responsible for a certain body movement.

Synergist

Muscle that supports the action of the agonist or prime mover.

Antagonist

Muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover.

Fixator

Muscle that stabilizes a body part.