Myology Assignment 1-4

Fibroconnective coverings:

• Endomysium - It covers the individual muscle fiber or myofibrils. Making it a bundle of myofibrils.

• Perimysium - It covers the muscle bundles made up of individual muscle fibers.

• Epimysium - It covers the entire muscle.

Arrangement of skeletal muscle fibers: 

• Parallel type - origin and insertion have the same size and dimension. Ex: latissimus dorsi

•  Fusiform - origin and insertion have pointed ends with broad central portion. Leaf shaped.    Ex: rectus thoracis, biceps brachii

• unipennate - it only has 1 origin and 1 insertion (Ex: zygomaticus)

• Bipennate - it has 1 origin and 2 insertion Ex: stapedius

•  Multipennate - it has 1 origin and 3 or more insertions. It has a fan-shaped structure. (Ex: serratus dorsalis cranialis, serratus ventralis thoracis, serratus dorsalis caudalis.)

• Convergent - It has a broad origin, converge into a single tendon of insertion (Ex: Fascicles)

• Circular muscle - It is round-shaped. It surrounds a body opening.

Kinesiology 

- a branch of Myology that deals with muscle movements. 

- It is the science of muscle movements 

1. Adductor muscle - movement towards the midline (located at the arms and thighs) 

2. Abductor muscle - movement away from the midline (located at the arms and thighs) 

3. Flexor muscle - bends the limb at its joint, decreases joint angle (Usually located at forearm and true leg) 

4. Extensor muscle - straightens the limb, increases joint angle (Usually located at forearm and true leg) 

5. Levator - raises or elevates a body part

6. Depressor - lowers or depresses a body part.

7. Rotator - turns a body part on its axis. (located near the joints) 

8. Supinator - rotates the plantar or palmar upward

9. Pronator - rotates palmar or plantar downward

Functional groupings

1. Prime mover - directly responsible for a certain body movement

2. Synergist - supports the action of agonist or prime mover

3. Antagonist - opposes the action of prime mover 

4. Fixator - stabilizes a body part