FINAL EXAM

What improvement to the caravel made it easier to steer than the older galleon?

rudders

What was the goal of President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

If 10 percent of voters in Confederate States took a U.S. loyalty oath, they could form a new state government and be readmitted back into the Union.

Ways slaves resisted the slave system

Damaged equipment, worked slow, and ran away.

Who was in charge of the military districts according to the Reconstruction Acts of 1867?

A military commander

What did Nat Turner do in Virginia?

Nat Turner held a slave rebellion. Planned to kill slave holders and families.

Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

The Compromise of 1850

California comes in as a free state-Utah and New Mexico territory vote for slavery-Texas gives up land and Federal Gov pays its debt-Slave trade ends in DC-More effective fugitive slave law

What are reasons why plantation owners began using enslaved Africans as a labor force?

The cotton gin caused cotton to be made faster so more slaves were bought in order to keep up with demand for cotton.

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

What did President Lincoln proclaim in the Gettysburg Address?

The Union would win the war so that the ideals it was founded upon would continue.

How did the Dred Scott decision impact the expansion of slavery?

It declared that since slaves were property, they could not ban were it was. It made slavery expand greatly

What was the outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Repealed the missouri compromised and allowed for popular sovereignty in the territories.

How did Uncle Tom's Cabin increase sectionalism in the United States?

highlighting the horrors of slavery and fueling the abolitionist movement in the North, while simultaneously provoking outrage and strengthening defenses of slavery in the South

Some examples of Total War

Destroying the resources of an enemy.

What was the symbolism of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It defined what the Union was fighting against.

Why was the capture of Vicksburg important to the Union strategy in the west?

It allowed the Union to control the Mississippi River

Union Advantages

industrial output, population, and transportation network.

Confederate advantages

cotton exports and military tradition

Why did the Europeans find it necessary to explore new lands?

God, Glory, and Gold

What was one consequence of the Doctrine of Discovery?

Native peoples were no longer entitled to lands they had always occupied.

How were the experiences of indentured servants different from those of enslaved people?

Indentured servants signed a contract to work without pay for a certain number of years while slaves did not get the chance to be free.

New England's economy was based on .... ?

ship building, fishing, and trade

Which colony (founded by William Penn) established an elected assembly?

Pennsylvania

Why did many American colonists object to paying new taxes following the French and Indian War?

because they were unable to vote for representatives who passed these taxes.

Who was chosen by the Second Continental Congress to lead the Continental Army?

George Washington

Who was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Know the significance of Thomas Paine and Common Sense

Led many colonists to support independence from England

The points made in the Declaration of Independence (referring to King George III)

Lists how it is supposed to be between England and America, Lists problems between them, explains that America is leaving England.

What problems led Daniel Shays and other farmers to start a rebellion in Massachusetts?

High taxes and heavy debt due to massachusetts passing a tax on land that hurt farmers.

What was the original goal of the Constitutional Convention?

To fix the Articles of Confederation

Which states supported the New Jersey Plan?

small states

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

To get Virginia and New York to ratify the constitution.

virginia plan

The House of Representatives and the senate representation in based on population.

new jersey plan

each state get one vote in the federal government

legislative branch

MAKES laws

judicial branch

INTERPRETS the laws-supreme court

executive branch

CARRIES OUT the laws

parts of the first amendment

The freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

2nd amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th amendment

The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process

6th amendment

Right to a fair, speedy trial

7th amendment

Right to jury in civil trials-like sueing

8th amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

Who did the Electoral College choose as first president and vice-president?

George Washington and John Adams

Why did some southern states disagree with Hamilton's plan for paying off the money that states owed after the Revolutionary War?

It was unfair to states that did not have many debts.

Hamilton focused on

industry & business, federal power

Jefferson focused on

Lower tariffs, farming, state power

Three points President Washington made in his Farewell Address

-stay out of foreign countries business -stay away from political parties -be careful of public debt

Why did the War of 1812 help increase manufacturing in the United States?

The United States needed to produce goods imported in the past.

Why did American patriotism increase after the War of 1812?

Americans were proud that the United States defeated a strong country.

Effects of the Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden?

reinforcement of the power of the federal government

The Missouri Compromise allowed which two states to enter the Union? Which was free and which was slave?

to maintain the balance between free and slave states, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, Maine entered as a free state

During the Election of 1828 how did voters view the two presidential candidates?

Jackson was viewed as a war hero and self made man. Adams was seen as elite and out of touch.

Why did President Jackson support Indian Removal?

He argued that opening Native American lands to white settlement would improve the economy.

How did Cherokees resist relocation?

adopted white culture and pursued legal challenges

What did the Louisiana Purchase do to the United States (think growth)?

It roughly doubled the size of the country.

why did settlers travel the MORMON trail

religious freedom

why did settlers travel the OREGON trail

fertile farmland

why did settlers travel the SANTA FE trail

trade

Why did the Texans declare independence in 1836?

Santa Anna attempted to enforce Mexican authority over Texas and its residents.

Where (in the United States) were most textile mills located and why were they located there?

Most textile mills were located in the Northeast because the physical environment in that region provided reliable power supplies

How did American views toward manufacturing change after the War of 1812?

After Britain stopped all trade with America, the Americans turned to American businesses.

Describe the working conditions in the factories?

Low wages, strictly controlled daily schedules, and dangerous working environments