A&P,Chapter 4-5 review

What are the general tissue categories?

Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, and Nervous Tissue.

What are the characteristics of the apical surface?

The apical surface is the free surface exposed to the outside or internal cavity and may have cilia or microvilli.

What connects epithelial cells to the underlying tissues?

Epithelial cells are connected to the underlying tissue via hemidesmosomes, attaching to the basement membrane.

What prevents leakage between cells?

Tight Junctions.

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Diffusion, particularly in lungs.

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium located?

Kidney tubules.

What are the characteristics of transitional epithelial tissue?

Transitional epithelium is stretchy and can expand, typically found in the bladder and ureters.

What are the types of secretions provided by exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands secrete through ducts while endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

What are macrophages and where are they found?

Macrophages are large phagocytic cells found in various tissues.

What types of muscle tissue exist and their key characteristics?

Skeletal (voluntary, striated), Smooth (involuntary, non-striated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated).

What are the three classes of connective tissue?

Connective Tissue Proper, Supporting Connective Tissue, and Fluid Connective Tissue.

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Ligaments connect bone to bone while tendons connect muscle to bone.

What is the role of fibroblasts?

Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

What pigment is responsible for skin color?

Melanin.

What characterizes the inflammatory response?

Vasodilation, increased permeability of blood vessels, infiltration of white blood cells, and the healing process.

What layers of skin make up the epidermis?

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

What is cyanosis?

A blue color due to low oxygen levels.

What skin cancers are commonly recognized?

Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma.

What are the components of the integumentary system?

Skin and Accessory Structures (hair, nails, glands).

What type of connective tissue includes areolar, adipose, and reticular tissues?

Connective Tissue Proper.

What is the viscous material in areolar connective tissue?

The ground substance.

What are two characteristics of the dermis?

Papillary and reticular layers.