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Unit 1: Biological Bases of Behavior | Types of Cells in the Nervous System
Glial Cells
“Glue” cells that provide structure, institution, communication, and waste transport in the brain.
Neuron
Nerve cell that is the building block of the nervous system.
Sensory Neurons
Carry information from senses to brain.
Interneuron
Neurons of CNS; communicate between sensory and motor neurons.
Motor Neurons
Carry information from brain to senses.
Reflex
Unlearned, involuntary reaction to a stimulus; done through spinal cord.
Reflex Arc
Demonstrates how neurons within the central and peripheral nervous system work together to repons to stimuli.
Sensory, Inter, and Motor neurons work together to create arc.
Dendrite
Receives information from other neurons by collecting neurotransmitters.
Axon
Passes information to other neurons, muscles, and glands by releasing neurotransmitters from terminal buttons.
Dendrites Detect (DD)
Myelin Sheath
Insulates the axon and conducts electrical impulses.
Multiple Sclerosis
Breakdown of myelin sheath causes this disease; symptoms include tremors, weakness, and vision problems.
Action Potential
Firing of an electrical charge within a single neuron, travels down axon.
All or Nothing Principle
Neuron either fires or doesn’t; no halfway.
Resting Potential
Positive ions (electrically charged atoms) on outside / negative on inside; neuron is ready to fire.
Firing Threshold
The minimum energy required for a neuron to fire.
Depolarization
When firing, positive ions ruch in / negative rush out.
Refractory Period
Time it takes a neuron to recharge (can’t fire in this period).
Axon Terminal Buttons
The branched end of an axon that contains neurotransmitters and sends them into the synapse [synaptic vesicles that hold neurotransmitters until released].
Stnapse / Synaptic Gap
The space between the axon terminal and the dendrites of the receiving neuron which neurotransmitters go through to pass to the next neuron.
Note
Flashcard