Untitled Flashcards Set

Indian National Congress (INC)

Founded in 1885, initially sought reforms within British rule but evolved into the leading organization for Indian independence by 1947.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Indian leader (1869–1948) who championed nonviolent resistance against British rule.

Ahimsa

Nonviolence, a core principle adopted by Gandhi.

Satyagraha

Gandhi's philosophy of 'truth-force,' a nonviolent resistance method.

India Act (Government of India Act 1935)

A British law granting limited self-governance to India, establishing provincial autonomy.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Leader of the All-India Muslim League who advocated for Muslim rights and a separate Pakistan.

Sun Yatsen / Three Principles of the People

A Chinese revolutionary who proposed nationalism, democracy, and people’s livelihood.

May Fourth Movement

A 1919 student-led protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence.

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Formed in 1921, grew under Mao Zedong, leading to China's communist revolution.

Mao Zedong

CCP leader who shaped China's communist trajectory.

Guomindang (Kuomintang, KMT)

The Nationalist Party in China that aimed to unify the country.

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

KMT leader who fought CCP and ruled China until 1949.

Long March

A 1934–1935 retreat by CCP forces covering over 6,000 miles.

Inukai Tsuyoshi

Japanese Prime Minister assassinated in 1932, marking the decline of civilian rule.

Mukden Incident

A 1931 staged explosion by Japanese forces used as a pretext to invade Manchuria.

Mumbo Cult

A Kenyan anti-colonial movement resisting British rule through spiritual defiance.

Jomo Kenyatta

Kenyan nationalist who led the independence movement and became Kenya’s first president.

Pan-Africanism

A movement advocating unity and liberation for African peoples globally.

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican activist who promoted Black pride and the 'back to Africa' movement.

Fidel Castro

Cuban revolutionary who overthrew Batista in 1959 with socialist ideals.

Jose Carlos Mariategui

Peruvian Marxist who critiqued capitalism and colonialism.

Victor Raul Haya de la Torre

Peruvian politician who founded a populist anti-imperialist party.

Diego Rivera

Mexican artist whose murals celebrated Indigenous culture and critiqued capitalism.

Augusto Cesar Sandino

Nicaraguan rebel who fought U.S. occupation and inspired anti-imperialist resistance.

Dollar Diplomacy

U.S. policy using economic power to influence Latin America in the early 20th century.

Getulio Dornelles Vargas

Brazilian president who centralized power and modernized the economy.

Good Neighbor Policy

A 1930s U.S. initiative to reduce intervention in Latin America.

Anastacio Somoza Garcia

Nicaraguan dictator backed by the U.S., ruling repressively until his assassination.

Lazaro Cardenas

Mexican president who nationalized oil and resisted foreign economic control.

Carmen Miranda

Brazilian entertainer whose fame symbolized Latin American cultural export.

United Fruit Company

A U.S. corporation dominating Central American agriculture, exemplifying economic imperialism.