Behavioral Ecology

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Last updated 10:58 PM on 8/11/22
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53 Terms

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Environmental indifference
________- performed the same way by all members of a species.
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Kinesis
________: random movement in response to a stimulus; non directional.
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Proximate cause
________: how a behavior occurs or how it is modified.
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Chemotaxis
________: movement in response to chemical signals.
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Migration
________: a regular, long- distance change in location.
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Geotaxis
________: movement in response to gravity.
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Phototaxis
________: movement in response to light.
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Pheromones
________: chemicals emitted by members of one species that affect other members of the species (eg.
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Taxis
________: directional movement towards (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus.
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Auditory signals
________: screech of blue jay or song of warbler.
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environmental influence
Learned behaviors: depend on ________.
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modification of behavior
Learning: the ________ based on specific experiences.
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Ultimate cause
________: why a behavior occurs (in context of natural selection)
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cognitive map
Some animals form a(n) ________ or use landmarks as environmental cues.
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Spatial learning
________: establishing memories based upon the spatial structure of the animals surroundings.
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Behavioral ecology
________: the study of how behaviors arise due to ecology and evolution.
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Behavior
________: an animals response to a stimulus (internal or external)
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Innate behaviors
________ are inherited.
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Pheromones
________: chemicals emitted by members of a species that can affect other members of the same species.
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Behavioral ecology
the study of how behaviors arise due to ecology and evolution
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Behavior
an animals response to a stimulus (internal or external)
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Proximate cause
how a behavior occurs or how it is modified
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Ultimate cause
why a behavior occurs (in context of natural selection)
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Innate behaviors
developmentally fixed
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Learned behaviors
depend on environmental influence
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Fixed action patterns (FAPs)
a sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a stimulus
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Example
stickleback fish
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Environmental indifference
performed the same way by all members of a species
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Migration
a regular, long-distance change in location
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Signal
a stimulus generated and transmitted from one animal to another; animal communication
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Examples
visual, auditory, tactile, electrical, chemical
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Pheromones
chemicals emitted by members of a species that can affect other members of the same species
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Stimulus response chains
when a response to a stimulus serves as the next stimulus for a behavior
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Example
waggle dance in bees
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Pheromones
chemicals emitted by members of one species that affect other members of the species (eg
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Visual signals
eg
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Tactile (touch)
eg
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Auditory signals
screech of blue jay or song of warbler
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Directed movements
movements towards or away from a stimulus
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Kinesis
random movement in response to a stimulus; non directional
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Taxis
directional movement towards (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus
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Phototaxis
movement in response to light
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Chemotaxis
movement in response to chemical signals
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Geotaxis
movement in response to gravity
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Learning
the modification of behavior based on specific experiences
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Imprinting
a long-lasting behavioral response to an individual
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Example
ducks following their mother
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Spatial learning
establishing memories based upon the spatial structure of the animals surroundings
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Example
birds finding their hidden nests
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Associative learning
the ability to associate one environmental feature with another
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Example
associating monarch butterflies with a foul taste
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Social learning
learning through observations and imitations of the observed behaviors
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Example
chimps breaking open oil palm nuts

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