Untitled Flashcards Set

Water

A polar molecule that forms hydrogen bonds and is adhesive and cohesive.

Cohesive

Refers to water's ability to stick to itself.

Adhesive

Refers to water's ability to stick to other surfaces.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves a solute.

Solute

A substance dissolved by a solvent.

Solution

A combination of a solute and a solvent.

pH

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Acid

Any solution with a pH less than 7.

Base

Any solution with a pH greater than 7.

Carbohydrates

Sugars or chains of sugars; one or two sugars are simple carbohydrates, while three or more are complex carbohydrates.

Starch

A complex carbohydrate that stores sugars in plants.

Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate that stores sugars in animals.

Cellulose

A structural material in plants.

Proteins

Chains of amino acids that serve various functions in the body.

Enzymatic proteins

Proteins that act as biological catalysts.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid; single stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Plasma membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.

Ribosome

The site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that transports materials to the exterior of the cell.

Mitochondria

The sites of ATP synthesis in the cell.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support to the cell.

Epithelial cells

Cells that line surfaces of organs; types include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

Transitional epithelium

An epithelial type where cell shape changes based on stretch.