Home Ec

Macronutrients

They are needed in large quantities.These nutrients are also known as the fuel nutrients because they provide the body with energy.

Micronutrients

Theses are needed by the body in small quantities.These nutrients one were very important they help to regulate body functions

What are the macronutrients?

Proteins,carbohydrates,fats

Proteins

Essential for growth and repair

Carbohydrates

main source of energy

Fats

Energy storage and cell structure

What are micro nutrients?

vitamins and minerals

Vitamins

regulate body processes (vitamin C, vitamin D

Minerals

Important for various body functions (iron calcium

Elements that make up proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen- CHON

Elements that make up carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen-CHO

Elements that make up fats

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen- CHO

Functions of Carbohydrates

-Provide energy to the body

-Spare protein from being used as an energy source

-help regulate blood sugar leves

What are the groups of carbohydrayes

Sugars,Starch and dietary fiber

What are monosaccharides?

Simplest form of carbohydrates

What are the two groups of sugars

monosaccharides and disaccharides

What are disaccharides?

two monosaccharides joined together

Examples of monosaccharides

glucose and fructose (honey vegetables and ripe fruits

examples of disaccharides

Sucrose ( fruits and Vegatables) lactose ( milk) maltose ( germination of seeds and digestion of starch)

Starch

complex carbohydrate classified as a polysaccharide meaning it's made up of many sugar units

Is starch sweet

NO

Dextrin

Becomes clear and thick when cooked in water

What foods in starch found in

Potatoes rice bread pasta

Dietary fibrw

A type of polysaccharide we cannot digest so it doesn't provide energy

What does dietary fibre do

Helps prevent heart disease,aids digestion and supports weight loss

What are the types of dietary fibre

insoluble and soluble

Insoluble fibre

Skin of fruits,seeds,bran and cell walls of fruits and vegetables

Soluble fibre

Peas beans oats carrots citrus fruits, ground provisions

What happens carbohydrates deficiency

-with out enough carbohydrates the body uses protein for energy

-lack of starch makes it difficult to convert fat into energy

-can cause constipation and bowel disorders due to fibrosis deficiency

-extra carbohydrates turned into fat leading to obesity

amino acids

building blocks of proteins (23 known)

essential amino acids

Are needed for growth and repairs

Functions of protein in the body

Energy production

Build and repair tissue

What is the function of nitrogen in proteins

It's essential for the production of amino acid

What plant source of protein provides all the essential amino acid

Peas beans and nuts

LBV (Low Biological Value)

Lacks one or more of essential amino acids

Legumes grains nuts seeds and vegetables

HBV (High Biological Value) protein

Contains all the 10 essential amino acids Meat poultry fish eggs milk cheese

Deficiency of protein

-Too little protein can contribute to energy protein malnutrition

-Surplus is converted energy is not used it is stored as body fat

Functions of fats

Provide energy

Protects internal organs

Insulate our bodies against cold

Hydrogenation

Is the process of changing plant oils from a liquid to a solid or semi solid state

What are the two types of fats

Visible and invisible fats

Visible fats

fat we can see in our foods or see added to foods

Butter or margarine

Cooking oils for frying

Fat on meat

Invisible fats

-fats hidden within foods we can't see

Nuts and seeds( almonds and cashew)

Avocado

Cheese

Baked good (cookies or muffins)

definciency of fats

-a totally fat free diet could result in a deficiency of fat soluble diet

• too much fat contributes to obesity and heart disease

What are the two groups of micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

Vitamins

Essential for many body processes like maintaining healthy skin, bones and eyes

Minerals

Help with building strong bones, making hormones and keeping our heartbeat steady

What are the two group of vitamins

fat soluble and water soluble

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Are fat soluble vitamins soluble in fat

No

Are fat soluble vitamins soluble in water

NO

Are fat soluble vitamins stable in heat

NO

Are fat soluble vitamins stored in the body?

YES

water soluble vitamins

Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

Are water soluble vitamins soluble in fat

NO

Are water soluble vitamins soluble in water

YES

Are water soluble vitamins stable in heat

NO

Where are water soluble vitamins stored?

not in the body

What is the scientific name for vitamin C

ascorbic acid

Functions of absorbic acid

-helps to hold cells together

-help the body absorb and use iron

-promotes resistance to infections

-help in the healing of wounds

Sources absorbic acid (vitamin C)

Oranges, guava , sweet pepper , cabbage , cashew

What is the result of deficiency in absorbic acid

Scurvy

Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)

A disease that causes a breakdown in cells.Symptom of scurvy is swollen and bleeding gum

What is the scientific name for vitamin a

Retinol

What are the two forms of vitamin a

retinol (true vitamin), beta-carotene (pro vitamin)

Retinol

The ACTIVE form of vitamin A that the body can use directly

Where is retinol found

animal product

Beta carotene (pro vitamin A)

A form of vitamin A that the body converts into retinol

Where is beta carotene found

plant foods (especially colorful fruits and vegetables)

What does beta carotene give their plants

Colors such as orange and yellow

Sources of true vitamin A (retinol)

Sardines, salmon, milk, butter

Sources of pro vitamin A (beta- carotene)

Carrots, ripe mangoes, callaloo, pumpkin

Functions of vitamin A in the body

-for growth especially of bones and teeth

-for night vision