Progressivism

Ellis Island

Main port of entry for immigrants on the East Coast of the United States.

Angel Island

Main port of entry for immigrants from Asia on the West Coast, closed in 1950.

Nativism

Hatred of immigrants, based on beliefs that they took jobs, brought crime, used social services, spread diseases, and introduced non-American culture.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law that excluded Chinese immigrants from entering the United States, driven by competition in agriculture on the West Coast.

Alien Land Law

Legislation that prohibited Asian immigrants from owning farmland on the West Coast.

Row Houses and Tenements

Cheap, overcrowded housing for the poor and immigrants in cities, lacking sanitation and light, leading to fire hazards.

Political Machines

Organizations that control political parties in cities, often through corrupt practices and patronage.

Tammany Hall

NYC's powerful Democratic political machine associated with corruption, led by Boss Tweed.

Boss Tweed

Leader of Tammany Hall, known for corrupt practices, exposed by political cartoonist Thomas Nast.

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist famous for exposing corruption, particularly through his work on Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.

Granger Cases

Supreme Court cases affirming that states can regulate intrastate commerce only.

Plessy v Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, leading to Jim Crow laws.

Progressive Movement

Movement aimed at improving American life, focusing on issues like temperance, unionization, women's suffrage, public education, child labor, and public safety.

Muckrakers

Progressive authors who exposed social problems through investigative journalism, often published in magazines.

Jacob Riis

Muckraker and author of "How the Other Half Lives," which highlighted poor living conditions in Manhattan and spurred public education and child labor reforms.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker who wrote "The Jungle," exposing the meat industry and its practices; known for his vegan lifestyle.

"Mother" Jones

Advocate for factory workers and children's issues, known for her protests with children and her slogan "more schools and less hospitals."

Hull House

Settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago to assist the poor, providing food and medical help; Barack Obama began his career there.

Susan B. Anthony

Prominent suffragette and abolitionist who dedicated her life to the women's suffrage movement, which began at the Seneca Falls Convention.