Progressivism

Ellis Island - main port of entry for immigrants on the 


Angel Island - main port of entry for immigrants on the west coast from Asia, closed in 1950 


Nativism - hatred of immigrants (main arguments - took up jobs. brought crimes, used social services, brought diseases, and brought upon non-american culture)


Chinese Exclusion Act - a law that excluded the Chinese from American immigration, driven by agriculture on the West Coast (western farmers did not want to compete)


Alien Land Law - outlaws Asian immigrants from owning farmland on the West Coast 


Row Houses and Tenements - cheap overcrowded housing for the poor & immigrants in cities

(no sanitation, no light; led to the use of candles causing large fires) 


Political Machines - organizations that control political parties in cities, often through corruption and patronage 


Tammany Hall - was NYC's democratic machine, a powerful political machine in NYC associated with corruption and led by Boss Tweed


Boss Tweed - the leader of Tammany Hall, a political machine in NYC, known for his corrupt practices - Thomas Nast exposed him


Thomas Nast - a political cartoonist known for his work exposing corruption, including his cartoons about Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall


Granger Cases - a series of Supreme Court cases that said states can regulate intrastate commerce only 


Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896 Supreme Court case that said segregation is legal as long as separate is equal (starts the Jim Crow laws)


Progressive Movement - movement around the turn of the century to improve American life included - a) Temperance

b) Unionization 

c) Women's Sufferage

d) Public Education/ Child Labor 

e) Public Safety 

(nativism is tied to temperance - both violently anti-catholic)


Muckrakers - progressive authors who exposed social problems (would write in magazines; new in the progressive era) 


Jacob Riis - Muckrakers, author of How the Other Half Lives (book), exposed living conditions in Manhattan - his book spiked the Public Education/ Child Labor movement


Upton Sinclair - muckraker who wrote The Jungle, exposing the meat industry (Heines became a popular industry due to buying sauces for the well-done steak)

  • Upton Sinclair was invited to the president's house, and ate salad; Sinclair was a vegan 


¨Mother¨ Jones - an advocate for factory workers and children's issues - would protest with 100 kids behind her 

Slogan: ¨more schools and less hospitals¨


Hull House - settlement house, started by Jane Addams to help the poor of Chicago 

  • One stop for the poor: Hungry? Hull House feeds you. Sick? Hull House will do what it takes. 

  • Hull House was run by a private person who would get donors. 

  • Barack Obama started his career by doing free legal work in Hull House 


Susan B. Anthony - the main suffragette from the 1850s into the 20th century (as well as an abolitionist)

  • Seneca Falls Convention started the women's suffrage movement. 

  • Dedicated her life to the cause