Design and technology - Uses of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals

These metals contain iron (ferrite) and are magnetic.

Non-ferrous metals

These metals do not contain iron (ferrite) and are generally not magnetic.

Rusting of ferrous metals

These metals without a protective coating will rust if exposed to moisture.

Rusting of non-ferrous metals

These metals do not rust but can oxidise, changing their surface colour.

Enhancement of ferrous metals

Other metals and compounds, such as carbon, can be mixed with ferrous metals to enhance their properties.

Common ferrous metals

Common types include mild steel, steel, and cast iron.

Common non-ferrous metals

Common types include copper, gold, silver, and platinum.

Alloys

Alloys are a result of two or more metals mixed together, where at least one is a pure metal.

Purpose of alloys

These metals are combined to improve their working properties and aesthetics.

Common alloys

Common types include brass, stainless steel, tungsten, and cobalt.

Low carbon steel

Bright grey in appearance with a smooth texture; tough and ductile but will oxidise if not protected.

Common uses of low carbon steel

Includes car body parts, nuts and bolts, screws, and nails.

High carbon steel

Bright grey in appearance with a smooth texture; much harder than low carbon steel due to carbon content.

Common uses of high carbon steel

Common uses include blades, scissors, tools, and cutting tools like drill bits.

Cast iron

Dull grey in appearance with a rough texture; less prone to oxidisation and can be cast into complex shapes.

Common uses of cast iron

Includes kitchen pots and pans, manhole covers, post boxes, and heavy-duty bases.