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34 Terms

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confirmation bias

A pattern of thinking where one seeks to prove one's hypotheses

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social facilitation

A phenomenon where the presence of others improves performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks

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Embodied Cognition

A branch of psychology that studies the influence of thoughts and feelings on physical health and well-being

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Internal or External Locus of Control

The ability to control events in our lives.

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confirmation bias

A pattern of thinking where one seeks to prove one's hypotheses

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social facilitation

A phenomenon where the presence of others improves performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks

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Embodied Cognition

A branch of psychology that studies the influence of thoughts and feelings on physical health and well-being

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Internal or External Locus of Control

The ability to control events in our lives.

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Cognitive Visson

An area of psychology that uses perception to evaluate visual stimulus.

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fundamental Attrution

Bias in explaining the causes of others' behavior, attributing it to their personality rather than external factors

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Learned Helplesshess

the act of ‘giving up’ when something (particularly aversive stimuli) is unavoidable.

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Superordinate goal

Shared goals that transcend individual differences and require cooperation.

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Circadian Rhythm

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

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Reciprocal Determinism

he theory that three factors, behavior, environment, and cognition, continually interact and influence each other.

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Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation, and motor control.

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Central /Peripheral Route Persua

Persuasion that involves carefully considering the message content (central) or relying on superficial cues (peripheral).

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Selfulfilling prophecy

Belief that ‘prediction’ causes itself to be true

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Divergent/Convergent

A type of thinking that takes multiple directions in problem solving

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Observational learning

Learning by observing others.

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Operant conditioning

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

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ThinKing

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

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Classical conditioning

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

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Extrinsic /Intrinsic

Motivation that comes from external rewards or internal satisfaction.

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Memory Consolidation

The process by which memories become stable in the brain.

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Social loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

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Motivation

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

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Self-actualization

The realization of one's full potential.

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Group polarization

The tendency for group discussions to strengthen the initial views of its members.

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Representativeness

Judging the likelihood of things based on how well they match particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information.

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Availability Heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common.

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Arousal Theory

States that we seek an optimum level of excitement

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Self-efficacy

One's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

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Belief Perseverance

Tendency to hold onto our beliefs even when facing contradictory evidence.

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Here are the big five personality traits (CANOE):

  • Conscientiousness