book 1

What are the two types of balance?

Static and Dynamic.

How can stability be increased?

By lowering the center of gravity (COG), widening the base of support (BOS), and ensuring proper body alignment over the BOS.

Where is the center of gravity (COG) located in the body?

The center of gravity is located at the center of the pelvis.

What is the effect of lowering the center of gravity (COG)?

A lower COG results in increased stability.

What is fluid mechanics important for?

It is important for activities like running, swimming, and throwing, allowing athletes to interact with fluid resistance and improve technical efficiency.

What does gaseous exchange refer to?

The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

What is the primary function of pulmonary circulation?

To transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

What is drag force?

A resistance that opposes motion through a fluid, which increases with velocity.

What is profile drag caused by?

It is created by body shape and size as a result of motion causing finite separation in the fluid.

What happens to oxygenated blood in systemic circulation?

It is delivered to body cells and carbon dioxide is removed from muscle cells into the blood.

How do adaptations to high altitude affect the body?

They increase red blood cell production and improve oxygen carrying capacity.

What role does hemoglobin play in oxygen transport?

Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and removes carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

How does the digestive system begin the process of digestion?

Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical breakdown and mixing with saliva.

What is the function of the endocrine system?

To regulate bodily functions and maintain homeostasis through hormones.

What is the relationship between the digestive and endocrine systems regarding energy supply?

The digestive system breaks down food into glucose, which the endocrine system helps regulate the release and use of in the body.

What are the three types of muscles?

Agonist, Antagonist, and Stabilizer.

What is the role of agonist muscles?

To contract and facilitate movement at joints.

How does the antagonist muscle function in relation to the agonist?

The antagonist muscle relaxes and lengthens to allow the agonist to contract.

What is the primary function of stabilizer muscles?

To provide stability to the base during muscle contractions.