Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Primary syphilis:

small sore, called a chancre→painless, will heal on its own

Secondary syphilis:

• Maculopapular rash that begins on the trunk but eventually covers your entire body even on the palms and the soles.

• Not itchy.

• Some people also experience hair loss, muscle aches, a fever, a sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.

Latent syphilis:

No symptoms can progress to this/tertiary stage

Tertiary syphilis

People infected with syphilis who don't get treatment will develop complications known as tertiary syphilis.

In the late stage, the disease may damage the brain, nerves (neurosyphilis), eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

Congenital syphilis:

Placental transmission

Most newborns→no symptoms. Some rash on the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet.

Later signs and symptoms may include deafness, teeth deformities, and saddle nose where the bridge of the nose collapses.

Pre-term labor/still birth can also happen

Syphilis treatment:

• Penicillin (1st line)

• If penicillin is contraindicated then consider oral doxycycline.

Gonorrhea: Arthritis dermatosis syndrome:

• The most common clinical manifestation of gonococcal bacteremia.

• Fever, joint pain (large joints e.g. knees, ankles, wrists, elbows), and erythema over joints.

• Cutaneous lesions consist of scattered pustules usually at distal extremities.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV):

Non-enveloped dsDNA virus.

Low-risk viruses:

• HPV6 and HPV11 are responsible for 90% of genital warts.

• Genital warts are usually asymptomatic, sometimes pruritic & painful.

• Patients with genital warts are at risk for infection with multiple HPV subtypes and need routine cervical cancer screening

High-risk virus:

• HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

• HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers (E6&E7 carcinogens)

HPV Diagnosis

•Pap smear

•PCR

•Acetic acid test

HPV treatment

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Can be pased to babies during childbirth and affects the eyes (Ophthalmia neonatorum).

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in men include:

• Painful urination

• Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis

• Pain or swelling in one testicle

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in women include:

• Increased vaginal discharge

• Painful urination

• Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as after vaginal intercourse

• Abdominal or pelvic pain