APUSH QUIZ

Ferdinand and Isabella \n

Ferdinand and Isabella \n

Isabella (queen of Castile) and Ferdinand (king of Aragon); defeated the Moors of Granada; united their separate Christian kingdoms, which brought hope and power for European believers in the Roman Catholic faith.

Reconquista \n

the long struggle (ending in 1492) during which Spanish Christians reconquered the Iberian peninsula from Muslim occupiers.

Fall of Constantinople \n

led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Muslims took it over, silk trail and all trade routes lead through there, trade is in the hands of the Muslims

Bartholomew Dias  \n

An early Portuguese explorer who traveled down the coast of Africa in search of a water route to Asia. He managed to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, now the Cape of Good Hope.

Vasco da Gama \n

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

Treaty of Tordesillas \n

An agreement between Portugal and Spain that created an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean. -Everything discovered west of it was Spain's, east was Portugal's.

Hernan Cortes \n

led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519. conquistador responsible for defeat of the Aztec Empire. captured Tenochtitlan.

Aztecs \n

The Aztecs are members of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century. Significance: The Aztecs made advances in art, architecture and astronomy.

Moctezuma \n

He was the Aztec chieftain. He sent gifts to the Spaniards welcoming them. Moctezuma believed that Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl and so he allowed the Spaniards to approach the capital city unopposed.

Francisco Pizarro \n

A Spanish conquistador who went to the Incas and took Emperor prisoner and then killed him and took over the Inca empire.

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Inca

The Incas are members of a South American Indian people living in the central Andes before the Spanish conquest. Significance: They created the first clock by using the suns shadow. They were also known for conquering a lot of Central America before being conquered by the Europeans in the 16th century.

Viceroys

Royal governors sent by Spain to rule in the King's name. Significance: The importance of the Viceroys were to rule the colonized nation in the behalf of the monarch.

Audiencias \n

council of wealthy, crown-appointed notables who kept power of viceroys in check, drafted laws, and conducted major trials

encomendero

influential class who received the

Encomienda \n

a labor system established by the Spanish Crown in the 1500s. This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World. But they didn't just get the land, they got the labor of the people living on the land as well.

Sublimis Deus \n

The sublime God; erroneously cited as Sublimus Dei and occasionally as Sic Dilexit) is a bull promulgated by Pope Paul III on June 2, 1537, which forbids the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (called "Indians of the West and the South")

Henry VIII \n

King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532. joint-stock companies.

Act of Supremacy \n

English act of Parliament that recognized Henry VIII as the “Supreme Head of the Church of England.” The act also required an oath of loyalty from English subjects that recognized his marriage to Anne Boleyn.

Anglican Church \n

Church started by Henry VIII separating from the Catholic Church, making it the official church of England. Enforced by his daughter Queen Elizabeth, who persecuted Catholics, successfully making the country religiously uniform. Also persecuted Catholics in Ireland.

Calvinism/predestination \n

The Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.

Sir Francis Drake \n

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada

Sir Walter Raleigh \n

One of the first English explorers to attempt to make an English Settlement in the new world. tried 2x and named Virginia after Queen Elizabeth I. Primogeniture.

Roanoke Colony \n

one of the first colonization efforts by the British and if luck had been on its side, you probably would be studying the 14 colonies for your APUSH exam. Sir Walter Raleigh was granted a charter to set up a colony on Roanoke Island in North Carolina and after some fits and starts it was colonized in 1587

Joint Stock Companies \n

are companies that are owned by shareholders. This was a way companies could make large amounts of money by selling shares of their company. Jamestown. In 1607, was the first English colony in America.

London Company

a joint-stock company chartered in 1606 and was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America; Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

Captain John Smith \n

A captain famous for world travel. As a young man, he took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death the next winter and coined the phrase "he who shall not work, shall not eat". He also initiated attacks on Natives.

John Rolfe \n

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. Eventually, he was killed in a Pequot attack.

tobacco

The introduction of tobacco cultivation made the British colonies in the Chesapeake region economically viable. By the mid-1700s, tobacco was the most valued cash crop produced in the Southern states.)

headright system \n

was a land grant system that gave land to investors who paid for immigrants to move to Colonial America. It was created by the Virginia Company and first used in Jamestown in 1618. Over the course of 50 years, around 70,000 people moved to Virginia alone.

House of Burgesses \n

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.

Pilgrim separatists \n

were separatists who believed that the Church of England could not be reformed. Separatist groups were illegal in England, so the Pilgrims fled to America and settled in Plymouth. The Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England.

Plymouth \n

the Pilgrims' settlement, named by Captain John Smith; located in the Cape Cod area of Massachusetts; they'd escaped from religious persecution in England.

Massachusetts Bay Company \n

joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. It was controlled by Non-Separatists who took the charter with them to New England and, in effect, converted it into a written constitution for the colony. Great Migration.

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John Winthrop \n

John Winthrop created a new culture in what he called "new" England because john and his people believed England was morally corrupt. This was a huge cultural change for the Natives as well.

"City upon a hill" \n

A "city upon a hill" was how John Winthrop worded that the Puritans that went to "new" England were an example to the morally corrupt England. John Winthrop. John Winthrop created a new culture in what he called "new" England because john and his people believed England was morally corrupt.

theocracy \n

a political system in which a clergy-led government bases its laws on religious teaching.

the Elect (Saints) \n

A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in New England during the 1600's.

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Half-Way Covenant  \n

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Old Deluder Law \n

was passed in 1647 in Massachusetts by the Puritans. It established the first public schools in America to teach children to read the Bible and thus defeat Satan.

Harvard College \n

A college founded from a grant by the Massachusetts general court. It followed Puritan beliefs and its original purpose was to train ministers. Harvard University (date) 1636.

Roger Williams \n

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south.

Anne Hutchinson \n

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Pequot War \n

was an armed conflict between the Pequot Indians and English colonists that took place from 1634–1638, in the Connecticut River Vally. The English won and nearly exterminated the Pequot.

King Philip's War \n

A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoags, led by Metacom, a chief also known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians.

Navigation Acts \n

were acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.

enumeration

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Certain specified goods from the Colonies, including tobacco, cotton, sugar, and furs, which were to be shipped only to England or other English colonies.