Chapter 8 Science- Energy and Climate

Climate

Atmosphere conditions (temps and humidity) over a long period of time

Evaporation

Change of water to liquid gas

Transpiration

Evaporation from plants

Evapotranspiration

Evaporation coming from plants, land, and ocean

Precipitation

Any form of water that forms from a cloud

If there is P>EP than there is a _____ climate

Humid

If there is P<EP than there is a _____ climate

Arid

Formula for precipitation and evaporation

P/E (p divided by e)

Has climate changed just because of humans? True or false

False

Did climate play a role in most of the extinctions? True or false

True

The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance 1 Celsius is called

Specific heat

A ____ measures energy required to change temperatures

Joule

The higher the specific heat the ____ energy it needs to heat or cool and the ____ it takes

More, longer

Ice to liquid

Melting

Liquid to gas

Evaporation

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Liquid to ice

Freezing

Water’s high specific heat moderates ____ around the world and stabilizes the ____

Temperatures, climate

Climate that changes 1-10 years is occurred by

Volcanoes

What do volcanoes give off? And does it effect the planet’s temperature

Sulfur aerosols. It reflects sunlight making the earth cooler leading to an ice age

What is El Niño

It is when sea surface temperatures are above average. Disrupts normal wind and rainfall patterns, influencing the weather globally. Easterly winds weaken and warm water moves eastward.

In 10s-100s of years how did humans make the climate worse

Burning fossil fuels making the earth warmer

What is net zero and when will we hit it

It’s when balancing greenhouse gasses with carbon removal achieving near-zero emissions. We will hit it at 2030 but it will still take centuries for temps to go back to where they were.

What is called the ocean circulation and brings heat around the earth

Thermohaline

Cold/salty is more or less dense

More dense

Warm/fresh water is it more or less dense

Less dense

How does increasing temps stop the thermohaline

Solar variability,

What is solar variability

When the sun varies in brightness over earth’s history

How does 10s to 100 of THOUSANDS of years change earth’s climate

changes in shape of earth’s orbit (cycle is 100’000-413,000 years)

What causes change in tilt/orientation of our axis

Milankovich cycles

What is the Milankovich cycles

Eccentricity of earth changes and tilt and procession

How does 10-100 MILLION of years change the climate

Atmospheric composition change throughout time. CO2 and O2 change

How does plate tectonics change climate

They move to different latitudes and move the thermohaline

Why is Greenland melting a big problem? How do we stop it?

Because it will disrupt the thermohaline. Stope global warming