Human Energy Systems Review

Glucose

________ is the usual form in which carbohydrates are assimilated by humans.

Sugars

________ and starches are examples of carbohydrates.

chemical substances

Nutrients are ________ obtained from food and used by the body for many different processes.

ATP

________ captures the chemical energy resulting from the breakdown of food and is then used to fuel the various cellular processes in our bodies.

Nutrients

________ in food need to be resynthesized into a universal form of "free energy, "known as ATP, that can then be used for physiological processes.

energy systems

There are two ________ "(anaerobic and aerobic), but there are three metabolic "pathways "by which ATP energy reserves are restored.

anaerobic system

The ________ occurs without the requirement of oxygen.

Energy

________ is released when a trailing phosphate atom is broken from the ATP molecule.

separate metabolic pathways

It can occur in two ________, one not involving the breakdown of glucose and the other involving the partial breakdown of glucose.

main functions of carbohydrates

The ________ are to provide materials to build cell membranes and to provide energy for use by cells.

Glucose

________ is stored within skeletal muscle and within the liver as glycogen.

ATP

The body has two systems for resynthesizing ________: anerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen)

This results in ADP (adenosine diphosphate plus energy), as in the formula below

ATP -> ADP + P + Energy

There are two methods for resynthesizing ATP

anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen)

It is "alactic"

lactic acid is not a byproduct

The body has two systems for resynthesizing ATP

anerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen)

Within these two energy systems, there are three main metabolic pathways by which ATP energy reserves are restored

ATP-PC (anaerobic alactic); glycolysis (anaerobic lactic); and cellular respiration (aerobic)

The food we take in contains three key energy nutrients that are broken down over the course of digestion:

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fats

There are two energy “systems” (anaerobic and aerobic), but there are three metabolic “pathways” by which ATP energy reserves are restored. What are they?

• ATP-PC (anaerobic alactic)
• Glycolysis (anaerobic lactic)
• Cellular respiration

The ATP-PC is?

(anaerobic alactic)

The glycolysis system is?

(anaerobic lactic)

The cellular respiration is?

(aerobic)