Chapter 4: Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774

Patrick Henry

The Virginia lawyer spoke out to the House of Burgesses against the Act

Stamp Act Congress

1765; 9 colonial representatives met in NY to come up with the conclusion that taxes could only be approved by elected representatives

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

This was a violent secret society who formed against tax agents; They destroyed stamps and tar and feathered stamp officials

John Dickinson; Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

This man argued in this written work that duties could not be implemented without representative approval because they were a type of taxation.

Samuel Adams

John Adam's radical cousin; He called the Boston shooting a massacre and promoted anti-British feeling; He created the Committees of Correspondence

James Otis

MA; Organized protests against the Stamp Act

Massachusetts Circular Letter

Letter which urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. British officials ordered it retracted and threatened to do away with the Massachusetts legislative government and increase the number of troops in Boston

Committees of Correspondence

1172; Samuel Adams; This secretly passed along imformation about British activity; The House of Burgesses expanded on this

Intolerable/Coercive Acts

These were 4 acts that punished the Bostinians for the Boston Tea Party:

1. Boston ports were closed until tea was paid for

2. Royal governor got more power and MA legislature was restricted

3. Royal officials would be tried in GB

4. Private homes were now used for the Quatering Act

Geroge III

King of England

Whigs

The dominant political party in Parliament; Wanted the colonists to cover the costs for maintaining Britain

Salutary Neglect

Before these wars, Britain was very laid back with their colonial policies. They didn't enforce laws and they weren't really involved.

Lord Frederick North

The new prime minister of Parliament who repealed the Townshend Acts because they weren't economically beneficial and they hurt trade

Pontiac's Rebellion

A group of natives from the Ohio River Valley angry at European expansion and lack of British gifts caused destruction from NY to VA; British troops were used to squash the rebellion, not colonial troops

Proclamation of 1763

In an attempt to prevent any more conflict between the natives and Americans, an imaginary line was created to prevent westward expansion past the Appalachian mountains; It didn't work

Seven Years' War

The war between the British and the French over the control of the Ohio River Valley; Britian won and French presence in N. America decreased

Albany Plan of Union

1754; 7 colonial delegates got together to discuss coordinating colonial defense; Benjamin Franklin made it; United them in terms of collecting taxes and recruiting troops; It was not put into play but set a precedent

Edward Braddock

General in Virginia; Led an expedition to Ft. Duquesne against the French and Indians

George Washingston

Colonel in Virginia; Sent to the Ohio River Valley with a small militia and surrendered to the French and Indians in the forest; Led to the Seven Years' War

Peace of Paris (1763)

Treaty that ended the Seven Years' War; The British took Spanish Florida and French Canada; France gave the Louisiana Territory to the Spanish ; French colonial power ended

Sugar Act

1764; Revenue Act; It placed duties on sugar and other luxuries

Quatering Act

1765; Colonists were supposed to provide Britsih troops with basic necessities (food, living quarters, etc.)

Stamp Act

This act required stamps to be used on newspapers, legal documents, ads, pamphlets,etc. It was the first direct tax with the purpose to raise money to support America stationed British troops

Declaratory Act

After the Stamp act was repealed, this act was put into place by Parliament to tax and make colonial laws whenever they wanted.; Colonists were just happy about the repeal

Townshend Acts

This put duties on glass, tea, paper, and the money would pay the salaries of the crown officials stationed in the colonies; They also allowed for a writ of assistance and suspended the NY assembly that fought against the Quatering Act

Writs of Assistance

An unrestricted way of searching for smuggled goods in comparison to a judge's warrant that specifically indicated what could be searched

Tea

The product taxed under the Townshend Acts that generated the greatest colonial resistance

Port Act

One of the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for

Massachusetts Government Act

This was another of the Coercive Acts, which said that members of the Massachusetts assembly would no longer be elected, but instead would be appointed by the king. In response, the colonists elected a their own legislature which met in the interior of the colony.

Administration of Justice Act

Royal officials would be tried in Great Britain and not the colonies

Quebec Act

Britian made Roman Catholicism was made the main religion of Quebec and a government was without a representative assembly; Americans thought this would happen to them

Enlighentment

Deism

The belief that God created the unvierse but stepped back and let it run its course

Rationalism

The belief that things are based off of human reason with a science and philisophical emphasis

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy

Overbearing

Why did the American colonies become discontent with the British government?

King William's War

1689-1697; The Biriths's failed expeditions to capture Quebec. Indians and French burned British towns

Queen Anne's War

1702-1713; British failed Quebec expeditions; Won + Gained Nova Scotia and Spanish America tradigng rights

King George's War

1774-1748; French + Spanish attacked British; Georgia fought back and New England claimed Louisburg and exchanged it for gains in India

Britain and France

Who were the two countries involved in the Seven Years' War?

Causes of the Seven Years War

The French was about to conquer the Ohio River Valley with their forts; George Washington encountered the French and Indians in the forest and surrendered

Chief Pontiac

The Ottawa Indian who led a native rebellion against the British

Boston Massacre

Bostinians dressed up like American Indians and boarded a ship that had a shipment of the British East India Company's tea. They then proceeded to dump 342 tea chests overboard into the harbor

Crispus Attuckus

The African American killed in the Boston Massacre

William Pitt

British prime minitser who focused on conquering Canada

James Wolfe

The General who conquered Louisbourg and Quebec

John Adams

The lawyer who defended the guards at the Boston Massacre

The Gaspee

This was a British custom ship that captured smugglers. After it stopped in Rhode Island, native-dressed colonists burned the ship and it was investigated

Parliament

the lawmaking body of British government