Pressures on the ​USSR​

What triggered the crisis in Czechoslovakia? 

The reformist government of Alexander Dubček introduced liberal policies in what became known as the “Prague Spring,” including freedom of speech, press, and travel.

Why did the USSR view these reforms as a threat?

They challenged Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc and risked encouraging similar reforms in other satellite states.

How did the USSR respond?

In August 1968, Warsaw Pact troops (mainly Soviet) invaded Czechoslovakia to halt reforms and restore strict communist control.

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

Soviet policy stating that the USSR had the right to intervene in any socialist country threatened by “counter-revolution” or anti-Soviet activity.

Why was it significant?

• Justified the invasion of Czechoslovakia 

• Reinforced Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe 

• Signaled limits of autonomy for Warsaw Pact states 

What was the impact on Eastern Europe?

What was the impact on Eastern Europe?

How were USSR-China relations in 1968? 

How were USSR-China relations in 1968? 

What were the main points of tension?

• Ideological differences (Mao vs. Brezhnev) 

• Border disputes 

• Competition for leadership in the communist world 

How did the Czechoslovakia crisis affect China?

China condemned the invasion as “social-imperialist,” worsening relations and deepening the split. 

What pressures did the USSR face in 1968? 

• Desire to maintain control over satellite states 

• Managing ideological rivalry with China 

• Internal challenges from reform movements like the Prague Spring 

How did the USSR respond to these pressures?

Military intervention, enforcing the Brezhnev Doctrine, and asserting dominance in the Eastern Bloc.

What was the significance of 1968 for the Cold War? 

Showed the limits of liberalisation in Eastern Europe, highlighted superpower rivalries within the communist world, and reinforced the USSR’s control over its satellite states.