Exam 3 Afro American history
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15 Terms
1
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Rosa Parks
early training included influence from marcus Garvey and Booker T. Washington. During Boycott, she loses her job and husband suffers from nervous breakdown. Calls Detroit, “promise land that never was.”
2
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Claudette Colvin
Did the bus boycott before Rosa.
NAACP chose to not support her because:
She was a teen mom
She fought back
She was Dark skinned.
NAACP chose to not support her because:
She was a teen mom
She fought back
She was Dark skinned.
3
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Robert Williams
Encouraged self defense for Black people.
President of the NAACP chapter in Monroe, NC
Suspended from NAACP due to his take on Black people arming themselves.
President of the NAACP chapter in Monroe, NC
Suspended from NAACP due to his take on Black people arming themselves.
4
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Montgomery Boycott
First large scale U.S. demonstration against segregation.
Started after the arrest of Rosa Parks.
89 people were arrested
MLK indicted as leader as the leader.
King and E.D. Nixon’s house firebombed
Started after the arrest of Rosa Parks.
89 people were arrested
MLK indicted as leader as the leader.
King and E.D. Nixon’s house firebombed
5
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Anne Moody
Author and activist who wrote the book, Coming of Age in Mississippi.
Became involved in organizations like, NAACP, CORE, and SNCC.
However, eventually left due to her belief that these organizations aren’t doing enough to fight racism.
Struggles with nonviolence tactic
Became involved in organizations like, NAACP, CORE, and SNCC.
However, eventually left due to her belief that these organizations aren’t doing enough to fight racism.
Struggles with nonviolence tactic
6
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Martin Luther King
King’s legacy has become mythologized.
King was afraid of protesting and how that can affect his family.
King did not receive widespread support from Black community
Civil rights movement would’ve happened without him
Wanted to be remembered as a person who loved and served humanity.
Was able to mobilize Black community through Black institutions.
People tend to only focus on his charisma and oratory skills
King was afraid of protesting and how that can affect his family.
King did not receive widespread support from Black community
Civil rights movement would’ve happened without him
Wanted to be remembered as a person who loved and served humanity.
Was able to mobilize Black community through Black institutions.
People tend to only focus on his charisma and oratory skills
7
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Sit-ins
Idea originated in Greensboro, NC at the North Carolina Agricultural and technical college.
Major/first one was at Woolworth lunch counter in 1960.
Participants received:
\-verbal abuse
\-physical abuse
Restaurants surrounding Woolworth’s begin to desegregate
Major/first one was at Woolworth lunch counter in 1960.
Participants received:
\-verbal abuse
\-physical abuse
Restaurants surrounding Woolworth’s begin to desegregate
8
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SNCC
Originated in 1961
Goal was to Eliminate racial inequality
non-violence
Membership: White and Black students
Stokely Carmichael was apart of it.
Goal was to Eliminate racial inequality
non-violence
Membership: White and Black students
Stokely Carmichael was apart of it.
9
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Freedom rides
Started in 1961
7 Black students, 6 white
D.C. to New Orleans
CORE stops the ride due to violence, but then SNCC steps in and kicks off where they left.
Bus bombing occurred in Anniston, Alabama, where racists tried to kill the passengers inside, but they escaped.
Once passengers escaped they were beaten by a white racist mob
7 Black students, 6 white
D.C. to New Orleans
CORE stops the ride due to violence, but then SNCC steps in and kicks off where they left.
Bus bombing occurred in Anniston, Alabama, where racists tried to kill the passengers inside, but they escaped.
Once passengers escaped they were beaten by a white racist mob
10
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Freedom Summer of 1964
Summer of 1964
movement to try and get Black people in Mississippi to vote
1,000 out of state volunteers, 90% white
10 week project:
\-30 homes bombed
\-37 homes bombed
\-1062 arrested
\-80 beaten
\-4 critically wounded
\-at least 3 killed
\
movement to try and get Black people in Mississippi to vote
1,000 out of state volunteers, 90% white
10 week project:
\-30 homes bombed
\-37 homes bombed
\-1062 arrested
\-80 beaten
\-4 critically wounded
\-at least 3 killed
\
11
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Death in Mississippi
Philadelphia, Mississippi
Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, and Michael Schwerner
Apart of Freedom Summer
Bodies found underneath earthen dam in August of 1964
James Chaney (Black) received worst of abuse, head was bashed in.
Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, and Michael Schwerner
Apart of Freedom Summer
Bodies found underneath earthen dam in August of 1964
James Chaney (Black) received worst of abuse, head was bashed in.
12
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Emmett Till Case
Originally from Chicago, visiting Mississippi to visit family
Allegedly whistled at a white lady, which lead to him being brutally tortured and killed
was only 14
Mother opted for an open casket, to let the world see what the murderers did to her son.
Outrage led to arrests, but the men involved were found not guilty.
Men told their story to “look” magazine
Allegedly whistled at a white lady, which lead to him being brutally tortured and killed
was only 14
Mother opted for an open casket, to let the world see what the murderers did to her son.
Outrage led to arrests, but the men involved were found not guilty.
Men told their story to “look” magazine
13
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Fannie Lou Hamer
Activist from Mississippi
was a sharecropper, but was fired due to her activism, leading her to become homeless.
Tries to register Black people to vote
Experienced a beating by 3 white men that left her disabled.
Felt politicians did not care about poor
was a sharecropper, but was fired due to her activism, leading her to become homeless.
Tries to register Black people to vote
Experienced a beating by 3 white men that left her disabled.
Felt politicians did not care about poor
14
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Challenging the Politics of Spokesmanship (Ella Baker)
Ella was big on organizing and grassroots movement
Criticized NAACP for being too concerned with white recognition, too middle class, and not confrontational enough.
Tackled poverty and racism
motivated young people to get involved
Stressed localization
Big on group leadership
Belief that political organizers lose effectiveness when they become media stars.
Criticized NAACP for being too concerned with white recognition, too middle class, and not confrontational enough.
Tackled poverty and racism
motivated young people to get involved
Stressed localization
Big on group leadership
Belief that political organizers lose effectiveness when they become media stars.
15
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Charles Cobb
Robert Williams believed in Black people needing to be armed
CORE, SNCC, and SCLC were against the idea
Realization that government will not protect them.
Women had a role in the movement
CORE, SNCC, and SCLC were against the idea
Realization that government will not protect them.
Women had a role in the movement