Physics Chapter 9

Kinetic Energy being added to the particles of a substance

is a direct cause of the substance’s temperature increase

Temperature is proportional to

the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules

Vibrational kinetic energy is the form of kinetic energy

that occurs within a molecule when the bonds are bent or stretched

Internal energy is

the energy associated with atomic motion

Energy transferred as heat occurs between

two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in temperature

Energy transferred as heat is always

directed from an object at a high temperature to an object at a low temperature

If energy is transferred from a table to a block of ice moving across the table

that means the ice is cooler than the table

Energy transferred as heat between two objects depends on

the difference in temperature of the two objects

1. A calorimeter is used to determine the
2. If the specific heat capacity of water is known

1. the specific heat capacity of a test metal
2. you must still measure the metal mass, water mass, and initial and final temperatures of the metal and water

*Understand a phase change graph*

Internal energy is the energy due to

both the random motions of the substance’s particles and the potential energy due to the bonds between those particles

Rotational kinetic energy is the type of kinetic energy

associated with a molecule spinning about its center of mass

Two systems are in thermal equilibrium when

they have the same temperature

Thermal Expansion:

As the temperature increases, the volume of the substance increases

The Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales are similar because

the difference of one degree is the same for both scales

Convection is

the process by which energy is transferred by the motion of hot and cold matter

Specific heat capacity is

the quantity of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree C

The properties of a substance needed to determine the amount of energy transferred as heat to or from a substance are

temperature change, specific heat capacity, and mass

In a heating curve

a line with a positive slope indicates the increase in the substance’s temperature with added energy

Temperature measures

the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

If two objects are in thermal equilibrium

their temperatures are the same

Materials that easily transfer energy heat are called

thermal conductors

If two objects are in thermal equilibrium the

particles in each object have the same average kinetic energy

A phase change is a

physical change of a substance from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another state at constant temperature and pressure

Celsius-Fahrenheit Temperature Conversion

Celsius-Kelvin Temperature Conversion

Conservation of Energy

Specific Heat Capacity

Energy conservation can be used to calculate the specific heat \n capacity

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy