Basics Computer Programming

Programming

A process of designing or creating a program.

Programmer

A person who writes the program (e.g., Aldred Custodio).

Program

A set of step-by-step instructions that directs a computer to perform a specific task and produce required results.

Programming Language

A system of notation for writing computer programs.

Low-Level Language (LLL)

Machine dependent language, includes only machine language and assembly language.

Machine Language

The first generation of programming language, only understood by machines, written in binary (1’s and 0’s).

Assembly Language

Second generation of programming language that allows programmers to communicate with the machine using symbols for codes.

High-Level Language (HLL)

English-like programming language that is easier to understand and must be converted to machine language before execution.

Programming Language Paradigms

Categories of programming languages, including structured, object-oriented, functional, and declarative.

Structured Programming

Programming paradigm that includes languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, C, Pascal, and Ada.

Object-Oriented Programming

Programming paradigm that includes languages like Smalltalk, C++, Visual Basic, Java, C#, and F#.

Functional Programming

Programming paradigm that includes languages like LISP and Scheme.

Declarative Programming

Programming paradigm exemplified by languages like Prolog.

Programming Life Cycle

Stages of programming including problem analysis, design, coding, testing and debugging, and maintenance.

Translator Program

Translates source program written in HLL to object program in machine language.

Source Program

A program written in High-Level Language (HLL).

Object Program

Source program translated into machine language.

Assembler

A type of translator that translates assembly language to machine language.

Interpreter

A type of translator that translates High-Level Language to machine language.

Compiler

A type of translator that translates source code to object code (machine language).

IPO Analysis

Input, Process, Output analysis method used in problem-solving in programming.

Output

The results displayed from a computation or program.

Input

The act of reading data into a program.

Process

The computation performed on the input data.