TYPES OF MEMORY

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19 Terms

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Short-term memory (STM)

Short-term retention of information measured in seconds to minutes; limited capacity (about 7 chunks of information).

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Working memory

Short-term retention where information can be maintained or manipulated; crucial for performing mental operations.

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Prefrontal cortex (PFC)

Responsible for refreshing and manipulating information in short-term memory.

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Long-term memory (LTM)

Information retained for a long time, measured in days to years.

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Declarative memory (Explicit memory)

Knowledge with conscious access and can be reported verbally.

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Episodic memory

Memory of past events in our life; personal and subjective.

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Semantic memory

Memory of world knowledge and facts that are objective, not related to personal experiences.

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Nondeclarative memory (Implicit memory)

Influences behavior based on past experiences without conscious recollection.

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Procedural memory

Knowledge of how to perform tasks; inflexible and mediated by the striatum.

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Hippocampus

Key structure in the medial temporal lobe, binds item representations with their context.

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Consolidation

Stabilization of a memory over time; involved in the transition from short-term to long-term memory.

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Retrieval

The process of accessing information stored in memory.

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Recall

Retrieving information without cues.

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Recognition

Retrieving information with cues.

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Retrograde amnesia

Difficulty remembering past memories.

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Anterograde amnesia

Difficulty forming new memories.

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Case study: H.M.

Provided insights into MTL's role in forming new declarative memories; showed preserved STM and procedural learning.

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Hyperthymestic Syndrome

Autobiographical memory syndrome characterized by exceptional recall of personal past events.

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Malingering

Intentional production of false or exaggerated psychological problems for external benefits.