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Short-term memory (STM)
Short-term retention of information measured in seconds to minutes; limited capacity (about 7 chunks of information).
Working memory
Short-term retention where information can be maintained or manipulated; crucial for performing mental operations.
Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
Responsible for refreshing and manipulating information in short-term memory.
Long-term memory (LTM)
Information retained for a long time, measured in days to years.
Declarative memory (Explicit memory)
Knowledge with conscious access and can be reported verbally.
Episodic memory
Memory of past events in our life; personal and subjective.
Semantic memory
Memory of world knowledge and facts that are objective, not related to personal experiences.
Nondeclarative memory (Implicit memory)
Influences behavior based on past experiences without conscious recollection.
Procedural memory
Knowledge of how to perform tasks; inflexible and mediated by the striatum.
Hippocampus
Key structure in the medial temporal lobe, binds item representations with their context.
Consolidation
Stabilization of a memory over time; involved in the transition from short-term to long-term memory.
Retrieval
The process of accessing information stored in memory.
Recall
Retrieving information without cues.
Recognition
Retrieving information with cues.
Retrograde amnesia
Difficulty remembering past memories.
Anterograde amnesia
Difficulty forming new memories.
Case study: H.M.
Provided insights into MTL's role in forming new declarative memories; showed preserved STM and procedural learning.
Hyperthymestic Syndrome
Autobiographical memory syndrome characterized by exceptional recall of personal past events.
Malingering
Intentional production of false or exaggerated psychological problems for external benefits.