English EXAM Review

Quote

Two quotation marks used to properly cite an author’s work - comes directly from a source

In-Text Citation

A brief reference in your text that indicates the source you consulted

Intentional Plagiarism

Cut and paste from a website

Borrow an idea and put it in your own words

Don’t cite it

Deliberate plagiarism

Unintentional Plagiarism

Parenthetical citations don’t lead to the right source

Inaccurately paraphrasing or misrepresenting the author’s intentions

Accidental plagiarism

Paraphrase

Put the information completely in your own words, with a citation

True

Copying a classmate’s test - TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Asking a peer what questions are on the test you are taking TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Reusing your older sister’s old papers TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Using ideas, but not direct quotations TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Using AI, like ChatGPT to complete an assignment TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Changing some words from a sentence on a website TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Letting someone copy your homework TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

True

Forgetting to put quotation marks around a parenthetical citation TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

False

Putting “the earth revolves around the sun” in your paper TRUE OR FALSE (plagiarism)

(Link 1)

Correct form of parenthetical citation

Setting

The time and location in which a story takes place

Place

geographical location; rural or urban

Time

When is the story taking place? Time of Day? Month? Year? Season?

Plot

The sequence of events in a story

Exposition

The beginning of the story where the characters and setting are revealed

Rising Action

This is when the events in the story become complicated and the conflict or conflicts are revealed

Climax

Highest point of interest and turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not

Falling Action

The events and complications resolve themselves. The reader knows what will happen next and if the conflict was resolved or not.

Resolution

This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.

Conflict

The opposition of forces which ties one incident to another

Any form of opposition that faces the main character

4 main kinds of Conflict

Man vs man

Man vs circumstances

Man vs Society

Man vs Himself

Character

The person in the work of fiction

Protagonist

The character whose story we follow

Antagonist

The character who opposes the protagonist

Foil

The character who contrasts the main character in order to illustrate some of the main character’s traits

Characterization

The information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves

Round Character

Have many sides to them

Flat character

One dimensional

Dynamic character

Many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story

Static character

Never change during the story

First Person

Told by character using the pronoun “I.”

Second Person

Told by character using the pronoun “you.”

Third Person

Told from a person outside the story using pronouns like “he,” “she,” “they,” “them,” etc.

Omniscient

All seeing, all knowing

Limited Omniscient

Can see some thoughts, but not all. Usually follows one character.

Theme

Controlling idea or central insight

What it means to be human

Foreshadowing

Hints or clues given by the author about what will happen later in the story

Mood/tone

Authors emotional attitude toward the subject matter

Irony

Contrast between what seems to be true and what really is

Verbal Irony

difference between what is said and what is meant

Irony of Situation

What happens is the opposite of what is expected

Dramatic Irony

Occurs when irony of situation is understood by audience but not by characters

Analogy

Used to make connections between familiar and unfamiliar things

Close Reading

Careful and purposeful reading of a text. Helps interpret different passages

We leave our “thinking on the page” so that we can come back to it later on, like when we’ve got to write a paper or prepare for a discussion

Marking the text, aka annotating the text

What does close reading involve?

Annotating

Your thinking, and your conversation with the text, in the margins of the page.

Supply with critical and explanatory NOTES (notes that explain)

Number the paragraphs

Chunk the text

Underline/circle/highlight(with a purpose)

Left margin: What is the author saying?

Right margin: dig deeper into the text, describe what the author is doing

Steps of Annotating

Leslie Norris

slowly and with great pain writes about 6 poems a year

Leslie Norris Story

Shaving

Shirley Jackson

achieve both critical acclaim and popular success

Shirley Jackson Story

The Lottery

James Thurber

Author, Cartoonist, humorist

James Thurber Story

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty

Selma Lagerlof

Work is deeply rooted in nordic traditions and history

Selma Lagerlof Story

The Rat Trap

Ursula K Leguin

used fantastic circumstances to shape our understanding of the human condition

Ursula K Leguin Story

The Wife’s Story

Saki (H.H. Monroe)

yarn (story) spinners of the unusual - holds 1st place

Saki (H.H. Monroe) Story

The Open Window

Ray Bradbury

Award Winning Sci Fi and Fantasy author, strong nostalgia elements leaning toward macabre, child-like amazement

Ray Bradbury Story

All Summer in a Day

The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit

Libation

(noun) The act of pouring a liquid as a sacrifice

Rite of Passage

(theme) ceremony of passing one stage of life to another

Satire

(literary term) Mockery for the purpose of change

Self-possessed

(adjective) Someone who is in control of themselves; calm

Nostalgia

(noun) Feeling of fondness for the past

Macabre

(adjective) Grim, dark, disturbing

Irony

(noun) What happens is the opposite of what is expected

Omniscient

(adjective) The all-seeing, all-knowing narrator. Reveals actions, thoughts and feelings of multiple characters.

Round Character

(noun) They have many sides to them, deep or complex

Theme

(noun) A fictional story’s controlling idea or its central insight.

Humorist

(noun) A person who regularly writes or tells amusing stories

Flashback

(noun) a part of a story or movie that describes or shows something that happened in the past.

Exposition

(noun) The beginning of the story where the characters and setting are revealed.

Dynamic Character

(noun) many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story.

Analogy

(noun) Used to to make connections between familiar and unfamiliar things

Foreshadowing

(verb) Hints or clues provided by the author about what will happen later in the story

Tone

(noun) The author’s emotional attitude toward the subject matter

Flat Character

(noun) are one-dimensional (butlers, taxi-drivers, etc.)

Antagonist

(noun) Character who opposes the protagonist.

Allusion

(noun) A reference to a well known piece of literature.

Limited Omniscient

(adjective) The narration may follow a particular character. We can see the thoughts and feelings of some characters but not all.

Plot

(noun) The sequence of events in the story. A planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end.

First Person

(noun) The story is told by a character using the pronoun “I”. The reader sees the story through this person's eyes as he/she experiences it and only knows what he/she knows or feels.

Symbol

(noun) something used for or regarded as representing something else

Travel Narrative

A fictional story that involves the main character in a literal and often figurative journey

Point of View

The way the story gets told and who tells it

Epiphany

Revelation of such power and insight that it alters the entire world-view of the thinker who experiences it

Mythology

Man’s attempt to explain the origin and history of mankind