GN 301 Module 2: Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

cytoplasmic division

The ________ of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Colchicine does…

________ destroy spindle fibers in a cell so the view of chromosomes is unobstructed.

Cells

________ accomplish much of their growth, growing larger and making proteins and organelles needed for DNA synthesis.

DNA

The cell synthesizes a copy of the ________ in its nucleus.

Karyotypes

________ can show whether an individual has a genetic disorder based on the appearance or absence of chromosomes.

Define

________: an organized array of a cells chromosomes.

centromere

During anaphase, there are two chromatids on the ________.

Chromosome parts

A chromosome is 15% DNA, 10% RNA and 75% Protein

Homologous Chromosomes have the same

length, centromere, position, banding pattern, and genetic loci

Define

an organized array of a cells chromosomes

Autosomes

non-sex chromosomes

Sex Chromosomes

X or Y chromosomes

Describe arrangement in karyotype

homologous chromosomes are matched together

Purpose

to use fluorescent DNA probes to target specific chromosomal locations within the nucleus, resulting in colored signals that can be detected using a fluorescent microscope

Chromosome parts

A chromosome is 15% DNA, 10% RNA and 75% Protein

centromere positions

Metacentric, Acrocentric, Telocentric

Metacentric

centromere is in the middle

acrocentric

centromere is slightly off center

telocentric

centromere is at the top of the chromosome

G1

Gap 1. Cells accomplish much of their growth, growing larger and making proteins and organelles needed for DNA synthesis.

S phase

The cell synthesizes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

G2

Gap 2. The cell grows more as it makes more proteins and organelles, reorganizing its contents in

preparation for mitosis.

M

M-phase. Nuclear division (mitosis) followed by cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Interphase

G1 + S + G2

When is there one chromatid and when are there 2 chromatids (sister chromatids) on the centromere?

During anaphase, there are two chromatids on the centromere. During Telophase, there is just one chromatid on the centromere.

Homologous Chromosomes

have the same: length, centromere, position, banding pattern, and genetic loci.

Karyotype

an organized array of a cell’s chromosomes

autosome

non-sex chromosomes

sex chromosomes

X or Y chromosomes

Describe arrangement in karyotype

homologous chromosomes are matched together

Colchicine

destroys spindle fibers in a cell so the view of chromosomes is unobstructed

Hypotonic Salt solution

increases the cell volume

Dropping cells from a height

splinters them apart by force, which reveals chromosomes