Chapter 11- Acids and Bases

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24 Terms

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Acids
Substances that dissociate in water to give H+ ions.
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Oxides
Compounds of any other element with oxygen.
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Bases
Any metal oxides /hydroxides that react with an acid to produce salt and water only.
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soil acidity
To reduce ________, bases like calcium carbonate are spread on the soil.
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Uses
fertilizers, cleaning metals, to give a sour taste
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Uses
relieving gastric pain, reducing soil acidity, fertilizers
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Acidic Oxides
Most oxides of non-metals that have acidic properties.
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Basic Oxides
Most oxides of metals that have basic properties.
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Amphoteric Oxides
Metallic oxides that react with both acids and bases to form salt and water.
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Neutral Oxides
Non-metallic oxides with neither acidic nor basic properties, and are insoluble in water (except water itself).
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Burning sulfur to get sulfur dioxide (exothermic)
S + O2 SO2
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Catalytic oxidation to get sulfur trioxide (exothermic)
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3
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Making oleum
H2SO4 + SO2 H2S2O7
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Dilution Tower
H2S207 + H20 2H2SO4
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Temperature
450⁰C
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Pressure
1 to 2 atm
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Catalyst
Vanadium pentaoxide/ Vanadium (V) Oxide
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Uses of Sulfuric acid
Manufacture of detergents, battery acids and sulfuric acid
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Uses of sulfur dioxide
Manufacture of sulfuric acid and wood pulp, used as a bleach and food preservative
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Alkali
A base that is soluble in water, and produces hydroxide (OH-) in an aqueous solution.
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Litmus
A coloring material that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions.
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Concentration
Moles of acid per dm3.
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Strong Acids
Any acid that ionises completely in solutions.
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Weak Acids
Acids that don't completely dissociate in solutions.