BIOL300: Chapter 3

Where do cells get their energy from?

Cells extract energy from the environment and convert energy stored in chemical bonds "metabolism."

What is a catabolic reaction?

breaking a larger molecule down into smaller molecules

What is an anabolic reaction?

A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules

What is activation energy?

extra energy that must be acquired by a molecule to undergo a particular reaction.

What do enzymes do?

accelerate or catalyze specific reactions

What is the study of reactions?

biochemistry

True or false: enzymes are highly selective?

TRUE

What is the lock and key model?

The idea that an enzyme will have a unique shape that only a specific substrate will bind to.

Do favorable reactions need a "kickstart" to begin?

Yes

What is the 2nd law of Thermodynamics?

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy/ disorder of the universe.

What is entropy?

A measure of disorder or randomness.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

What happens in a coupled reaction?

extra energy from a favorable reactions is used to pay for an unfavorable reaction.

What type of bond is between the phosphates in ATP?

Phosphoanhydride bonds (covalent bonds)

What is considered the primary activated energy carrier?

ATP

What are macromolecules?

polymers formed from monomers (subunits)

by a condensation reaction

How to break up a polymer?

Hydrolysis

Is hydrolysis favorable or unfavorable?

favorable

Is a condensation reaction favorable or unfavorable?

unfavorable