HIS 1500 Exam 2 Study Guide

A collection of flashcards covering key terms from the HIS 1500 Exam 2 Study Guide.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization in the late 1700s that began in Britain, characterized by a shift from manual to machine-based production.

Urbanization

The process of making an area more urban, which was a direct outcome of the Industrial Revolution as people moved to cities for factory work.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class in capitalist society, often contrasted with the proletariat (working class) during the Industrial Revolution.

Proletariat

The working class, particularly those who do not own production means, in contrast to the bourgeoisie.

Nationalism

An ideology that connects individuals to a nation based on shared culture, language, and history.

Decolonization

The process of a state withdrawing from a colony, which led to the establishment of new nations and often resulted in conflicts.

Total War

A type of warfare that involves not just the military but entire societies, where all resources are mobilized towards the war effort.

Bolsheviks

A faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, led by Lenin, that overthrew the Provisional Government in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

USSR

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, formed after the Russian Revolution, which became a significant global superpower.

Cold War

An ideological conflict between capitalism (led by the USA) and communism (led by the USSR), characterized by proxy wars, espionage, and technological races.

Export-led industrialization

An economic strategy aimed at speeding up the industrialization process by exporting goods for generating revenue and stimulating technological advancement.

Germ Theory

The theory that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases, which improved health and sanitation during the Vital Revolution.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Proxy Wars

Conflicts where two opposing countries or parties support combatants that serve their interests instead of directly engaging in battle.

Nationalist Upheaval

Social and political movements driven by the desire for national independence or unity, often leading to significant territorial and governmental changes.

Environmental Degradation

The deterioration of the natural environment through human activities, often exacerbated by industrial practices.