Cephalosporins

Name 2 1st generation antibiotics

1. Cefazolin

2. Cephalexin

Name 2 2nd generation cephalosporins

1. Cefuroxime

2. Cefotetan

3. Cefoxitin

Name 2 3rd generation cephalosporins

1. Ceftriaxone

2. Ceftazidime

3. Cefotaxime

Name 1 fourth generation cephalosporins

Cefepime

PK of ceftriaxone

Excreted mainly through biliary tract

It should be noted that other 3rd generation cephalosporins are excreted bia the kidney.

Name 1 5th generation cephalosporins

Ceftaroline

1st line treatment for gonorrhea

IM ceftriaxone

What ae the cephalosporins that are used with beta lactamase inhibitors?

Ceftolozane- tazobactam

Ceftazidime -avibactam

Used in treatment of complicated intra-abdomunal and UTI infections

Clinical uses of 1st generation cephalosporins

1. Used to treat gram positive bacteria: staph and strep thus

   1. Strep throat caused by step pyogenes

   2. Cellulitis

   3. Abscesses

2. UTIs caused by gram negative bacteria

   1. PEK - proteus, e.coli and Klebsiella

3. Cefazolin is used in surgical prophylaxis

Clinical uses of 2nd generation cephalosporins

1. Same spectrum of activity of 1st generation cephalosporins

2. Respiratory tract infections caused by HNS- Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria and serratia

3. Sinusitis, otitis, diverticulitis, pelvic inflammatory disease

Clinical uses of 3rd generation cephalosporins

• They have weaker activity on gram positive bacteria as compared to 1st generation

• Used to treat serious infections such as sepsis,

• Hospital acquired pneumonia

• Ceftazidime for Pseudomonas aurigenosa

• Meningitis caused by Strep pneumonia, Neisseria and H.influenza

  • Used with Vancomycin to cover MRSA

  • Used with Ampicillin to cover Listeria monocytogenes

• Ceftriaxone is used IM for Gonorrhea

• Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi

Clinical uses of 4th generation cephalosporins

1. Useful against psudomonas aurigenosa

2. Useful against Meningitis

3. Used empirically in febrile neutropenia

Uses of 5th generation cephalosporins

1. Useful against MRSA