Spanish Literature Movements

naturalismo

an outgrowth of realism that is concerned less with the individual and more with humanity as a whole and with the fact that human reality is at the mercy of the natural environment - tends to seem more intense than realism. pessimistic. harsh realities. Bazan & Quiroga

realismo

literary movement during second half of 19th century concerned with analyzing reality and presenting things as realistically as possible. we dont really have anything. como la vida misma maybe

Boom

a flourishing of literature, poetry and criticism in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s (period of turmoil- Dirty War in Argentina; Cuban Missile Crisis); notable for magical realism. Borges, Juan Rulfo, Marquez, Fuentes, Dragun, Cortazar.

Edad Media

El conde Lucanor, Romance de la perdida.

modernismo

began in LA in late 1800s. intricate language (romantic influences), exotic images (palaces, swans, etc.), symbols of nobility. emphasiezed materialism of everyday life. art for art. fruits and vegetables. sensualidad. over by 1920. A Roosevelt (Rubén Darío), Nuestra Améréica (José Martí), Generacion de '98 (machado y unamuno)

novela picaresca

Lazarillo de Tormes

realismo mágico

used magical elements and events in otherwise ordinary and realistic situations (inspired by william faulkner); Marquez, no oyes ladrar (solo un poco: la luna los sigue), dos palabras (allende)

Renacimiento

Spanish cultural movement strongly influenced by Italian humanism; Garcilaso de la Vega, don quijote, lazarillo (mas picaresca)

conceptismo

a Baroque literary movement characterized by a rapid rhythm, directness, simple vocabulary, witty metaphors, and wordplay; multiple meanings are conveyed in a very concise manner, and conceptual intricacies are emphasized over elaborate vocabulary; Quevedo

culteranismo

a Baroque period literary movement characterized by ostentatious vocabulary, complex syntactical order, multiple, complicated metaphors, but highly conventional content; Góngora

existencialismo

philosophy/literature focused on the belief that humans are powerful and are therefore responsible for what happens to them and have the ability to create individual meaning for themselves; Unamuno y Machado

postmodernismo

literature that aimed to surpass modernism using paradox, questionable narrators, fantasy, etc.; mostly after WWII; scientific or objective efforts to explain relaity. personal reality (each person), concrete experience. over by 1990. Guillen, Storni,, julia de burgos, Ulibarri (!) la noche boca arriba (!)

vanguardismo

avant-garde movements of literary experimentation; includes the surrealist movement (concerned with dreams and hallucinations); Dragun.

teatro del absurdo

with the belief that human existence has no meaning or purpose, these works are intentionally ridiculous, showing man in an illogical, incomprehensible world - yet still carrying a meaningfull message; dialogue includes clichés and word games; Dragún

Generación del 98

a group of novelists, poets, essayists, and philosophers active in Spain at the time of the Spanish-American War; criticism, ideals, creativity; included Miguel de Unamuno (religious themes), Antonio Machado (personal and universal themes)

costumbrismo

a literary interpretation of local everyday life and customs (19th century); romantic interest in extravagant expression + realistic, precise focus on a particular time and place; preceded (and led to) both Romanticism and Realism. ulibarri (!), isabel allende, rivera

barroco

a 17th-century cultural and artistic movement that was the evolution of ideas and themes formulated during the Spanish Renaissance; included culteranismo and conceptismo; Góngora and Quevedo in Spain + Sor Juana in Mexico

romanticismo

in response to neoclassicism, this movement focused on the beauty of imagination, the irregular nature of human spirit, and the natural world; Rima LIII (Bécquer!), En una tempestad (Heredia!)

Siglo de Oro

period from 1492 (Christopher Columbus, end of Reconquista) to 1659 characterized by a flourishing in Spanish arts and literature that included romantecismo and barroco; Don Quijote, Garcilaso, Góngora, Quevedo

neoclasicismo

movement in which writers looked back to figures such as Garcilaso and Quevedo and were inspired by classical ideals; later prompted a negative reaction from romanticists, who were themselves criticized by realists