APUSH Period 9

Sunbelt

Warm, sunny states in the south—immigrations, AC, and people searching for defense industry jobs go there. Gives South power in House of Representatives

Immigration and Nationality Act (1965)

Allows for greater immigration along with the Immigration Reform and Control Act

Digital Revolution

Emergence of computers, internet, microprocessors, PCs, Apple, IBM, email, Amazon. Resulted in increased productivity and income gap (wage stagnation)

Supply-side economy (Reaganomics)

Trickle-down economics—help the rich get richer so the wealth “trickles down” to the middle and lower class (generally ineffective)

General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs

Allows for increased global trade, leads to decreased American manufacturing, decreased union participation, increased service sector

2000 election

Al Gore (raises environmental awareness) vs George W Bush (the son of GHW Bush)

9/11

Al Quaeda, led by Osama bin Ladin, crashes planes into both towers of the WTO and the Pentagon. The plane aimed for the White House landed in rural PA. Led to the passage of the PATRIOT Acts (possible infringement on privacy) and Department of Homeland Security

War on Iraq

Thought Saddam Hussein was behind 9/11, making nukes. US executes Operation Iraqi Freedom—sends troops

Ronald Reagan

Reaganomics, 1st term calls SU an “evil empire,” but then friendly w/ Mikhail Gorbachev in 2nd term, Cold War conservative, pro business, Religious Right

INF Agreement

Gorbachev and Reagan agree to end immediate range missiles

Reagan Doctrine

Support ALL anti-communists

Iran Contra Affair

Nicaragua—Sandinistas in power (communist), US supports Contras to overthrow Sandinistas

Iran—warring with Iraq. US sells weapons to Iran to try to free US hostages in Lebanon. Oliver North takes $ and gives it to Nicaragua Contras (bad look—bro doesn’t have constitutional power to do that, and Contras abuse human rights)

Reagan called “Teflon President” cuz dirt won’t stick to his name

Strategic Defense Initiative

Reagan wants to put a satellite that shoots down our communist enemies—with lasers! Nicknamed “Star Wars” by his critics

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Reagan and Gorbachev unite W and E Germany

Start I vs Start II

I - reduces nuclear reasons for US and SU

2 - US gives $ to help SU economy

Barry Goldwater

Makes the New Right, makes it cool to be conservative

Jimmy Carter

Blamed for stagflation, Iran hostage Crisis, energy crisis

Moral Majority

Similar to religious right. Reagan appoints Sandra Day O’Connor, William Rehnquist, Antonio Scalia to make the Supreme Ct more conservative

Roe v Wade

State legislatures cannot interfere with abortion. Overturned in Dobbs v Jackson 2022