bio 1020 unit 7 vocab
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25 Terms
Anaphase
The phase of cell division during which chromatids or homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
Cell plate
Partition that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells to produce two daughter cells.
Centromere
Structure in a chromosome that joins replicated chromatids; spindle fibers attach here.
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction not involving the fusion of gametes.
Chromatid
One of the 2 replicas of a duplicated chromosome, joined by a single centromere.
Chromosome
The structure in the nucleus that contains genetic information.
Cleavage furrow
Constriction that forms around the middle of animal cells during cytokinesis to subdivide cytoplasm.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis or meiosis.
Daughter cells
The products of cell division following cytokinesis.
Diploid
Condition in which a cell or organism has 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Gametes
Mature sex cells (eggs and sperm); the haploid products of meiosis.
Haploid
Condition in which a cell or organism has 1 set of chromosomes; typical of gametes.
Homologous chromosomes
Physically similar chromosomes that pair up during synapsis; one from mother, one from father.
Karyotype
A picture of the chromosome complement of a cell.
Meiosis
Nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half; homologous chromosomes are separated.
Metaphase
The phase of cell division when the chromosomal material is lined up in the center of the cell.
Mitosis
Nuclear division that produces daughter cells identical to the original cell.
Oogenesis
Meiosis that produces egg cells.
Prophase
The phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes become visible.
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction involving the fusion of haploid gametes from two different parents to produce a diploid zygote.
Spermatogenesis
Meiosis that produces sperm.
Spindle fibers
Microtubules that attach to the centromere and move the chromosome around the cytoplasm during cell division.
Synapsis
Pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Telophase
The phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane reappears and the chromosomes disappear.
Zygote
A diploid cell formed by the fusion of 2 haploid gametes.