bio 1020 unit 7 vocab

Anaphase: the phase of cell division during which chromatids or home chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

asexual reproduction: reproduction not involving the fusion of gametes

cell plate: partition that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells to produce seaman daughter cells

Centromere: structure in a chromosome that joins replicated chromatids spindle fibers attach here

Chromatid: one of the 2 replicas of a duplicated chromosome (both of which are joined by a single centromere)

Chromosome: the structure in the nucleus that contains genetic information

cleavage furrow: constriction that forms around the middle of animal cells during cytokinesis to subdivide cytoplasm

Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm following mitosis or meiosis

daughter cells: the products of cell division following cytokinesis

Diploid: condition in which a cell or organism has 2 sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent)

Gametes: mature sex cells (eggs and sperm); the haploid products of meiosis

Haploid: condition in which a cell or organism has 1 set of chromosomes; typical of gametes

homologous chromosomes: physically similar chromosomes that pair up during synapis; one homologous chromosome is inherited from the mother, the other from the father

Karyotype: a picture of the chromosome complement of a cell

Meiosis: nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by one- half; homologous chromosomes are separated from one another

Metaphase: the phase of cell division when the chromosomal material is lined up in the center of the cell

Mitosis: nuclear division that produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell

Oogenesis: meiosis that produces egg cells

Prophase: the phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes become visible

sexual reproduction: reproduction involving the fusion of haploid gametes from two different parents to produce a diploid zygote

Spermatogenesis: meiosis that produces sperm

spindle fibers: microtubules that attach to the centromere and move the chromosome around the cytoplasm during cell division

Synapsis: pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Telophase: the phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane reappears and the chromosomes disappear

Zygote: a diploid cell formed by the fusion of 2 haploid gametes