world history final exam review

Industrialization

A process of economic development characterized by the use of machinery and technology in production.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

World War 1

A global war originating in Europe that lasted from 1914 to 1918.

Authoritarian/Totalitarian regimes

Governments that concentrate power in a single authority and restrict individual freedoms.

Nazi Rise to power

The ascent of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany, leading to totalitarian rule.

World War 2

A global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations.

Stalin's 5 year plan

Soviet economic goals to rapidly industrialize and collectivize agriculture; led to some industrial growth but also widespread famine and repression.

Hitler's final solution

The planned extermination of Jews (and others) during the Holocaust; it was genocide.

Genocide

The systematic and deliberate extermination of a racial or ethnic group.

Fascist states

Authoritarian regimes that rejected democracy and used nationalism, militarism, and propaganda.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities where the U.S. dropped atomic bombs in 1945, leading to the end of World War II in the Pacific.

Total War

A type of war where all aspects of society and economy are mobilized for the war effort; civilians and soldiers are affected alike.

Karl Marx

The philosopher who wrote The Communist Manifesto and believed the working class (proletariat) would overthrow the capitalist system.

Capitalism

An economic system that supports private property and market competition.

Stability of the Middle East

Valuable to the world because it holds major oil reserves, critical for the global economy.

Instability in the Middle East

Can lead to terrorism, refugee crises, and global conflict.

Imperialism's Benefits

Infrastructure, trade, technology (mostly for imperial powers).

Imperialism's Downfalls

Exploitation of resources/people, cultural loss, resistance, and long-term conflict.

Industrialism and Imperialism

Created a need for raw materials and new markets for goods; gave industrialized nations military and technological advantages.

Socialism

Calls for government control of major industries, resources, and services to promote equality and meet people's needs.

Redistribution of wealth

A principle of socialism that limits private ownership.