DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is made up of __________.

nucleotides

The three parts of a nucleotide are: 1) __________, 2) phosphate, 3) nitrogenous base.

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)

The nitrogenous bases can be classified into two categories: __________ and __________.

purines, pyrimidines

In DNA, adenine pairs with __________.

thymine

In the DNA double helix, guanine pairs with __________.

cytosine

Purines have __________ rings.

2

Pyrimidines have __________ rings.

1

Adenine and thymine are held together by __________ hydrogen bonds.

2

Guanine and cytosine are held together by __________ hydrogen bonds.

3

Deoxyribose sugar is found in __________.

DNA

Ribose sugar is found in __________.

RNA

The __________ strand of DNA is copied in the direction towards the replication fork.

leading

The __________ strand of DNA is copied in direction away from the replication fork.

lagging

The process of DNA replication involves __________ of the two parent strands.

separating

Telomeres protect chromosomes from losing essential __________ during replication.

coding DNA

Cancer cells have an abundance of __________ which keeps telomeres from shortening.

telomerase

The principle which states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to __________ is known as the Central Dogma.

Proteins

The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are: __________, __________, and __________.

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

During transcription, RNA polymerase creates an __________ molecule.

RNA

The __________ site of the ribosome holds and exits the tRNA molecules.

E

The __________ site of the ribosome holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide.

P

The __________ site of the ribosome holds the aminoacylation tRNA.

A

A permanent change in genetic material is defined as a __________.

mutation

Point mutations can be classified into three categories: missense, nonsense, and __________ mutations.

silent

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific __________.

sequences

A __________ plasmid is a bacterial plasmid that has been joined with a DNA fragment.

recombinant

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules of different __________.

size

DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the __________ charged side.

positively

_____________ refers to the number of times a cell can divide before reaching senescence.

Hayflick Limit

In eukaryotes, coding regions are known as __________.

exons

In eukaryotes, non-coding regions are called __________.

introns

DNA polymerase II is involved in __________ after DNA replication.

repairing damage

The process of adding an amino acid to a tRNA is called __________.

aminoacylation

The RNA version of the gene encoded by DNA is known as __________.

mRNA