Maternal Newborn Nursing Concepts

Flashcards focused on key aspects of fetal development and maternal newborn nursing.

What are the aspects that define sexuality?

Physiological, psychological, and sociocultural aspects of human sexual behavior and preferences.

What marks the start of pregnancy?

The union of a single egg and sperm, known as conception.

What are the two methods of cell division?

Mitosis and Meiosis.

What is gametogenesis?

The process of formation of gametes: oogenesis for eggs and spermatogenesis for sperm.

Where does fertilization occur?

In the ampulla, which is the outer third of the fallopian tube.

What are the functions of amniotic fluid?

Cushions the fetus, controls temperature, allows movement, prevents adherence of amnion to embryo, and can be analyzed to determine fetal health.

What is the average volume of amniotic fluid during the third trimester?

700-800 ml.

What is the structure and function of the umbilical cord?

Formed from amnion, has one vein and two arteries; provides circulatory pathway.

What does the placenta exchange between embryonic and maternal circulation?

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

What are teratogens?

Physical agents, medical conditions, infections, drugs, and chemicals that can cause congenital malformations in a developing fetus.

What do the three primary germ layers differentiate into?

All tissues, organs, and structures develop from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

What is the critical period for teratogenic effects?

The first 8 weeks of pregnancy, known as the embryonic period.

What is the typical length of human gestation?

Approximately 280 days after the last menstrual period or 266 days after conception.

How is the sex of a zygote determined?

By the combination of sex chromosomes: XX for female and XY for male.

What happens during the embryonic stage?

Organogenesis of all organ systems occurs, and external structures develop.

What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins?

Identical twins develop from the same fertilized ovum, while fraternal twins develop from two separate ova fertilized by different sperm.

What is meant by 'threshold of viability'?

The ability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus, typically around 20 weeks' gestation.

What are the layers comprising the trophoblast during implantation?

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.

What is exact purpose of the yolk sac during fetal development?

Transfers maternal nutrients and O2 to the embryo and produces primitive red blood cells.

What are the key milestones of fetal development during the first trimester?

4 weeks: brain formed, heart beats; 8 weeks: all body organs formed.

What is the significance of the chorion and amnion in embryonic membranes?

The amnion encloses amniotic fluid and the embryo, while the chorion develops into the fetal part of the placenta.