Unit One: World Religions - Parzych HMWH

Borobudur - largest buddhist shrine in world located in indonesia - mahayana buddhism

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Angkor Wat - Buddhism - Cambodia - largest religious monument in the world

The Vatican - Home of the Pope

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Dome of the Rock - Islam and Judaism

Islam - mohammed descended into heaven

Judaism - Abraham sacrifices isaac

Wailing Wall - Judaism - last remaining outer wall of the ancient jewish temple

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Judaism Symbol - Star of David

Christianity Symbol - Cross of Jesus

Islam Symbol - Crescent and Star

Shintoism Symbol - Shrine where priests go to perform rituals/sacrifices (80000+)

Taoism Symbol - Yin Yang (balance)

Pope Francis - Christian leader

Sri Sri Ravi Shankar - Hinduism - Founded Art of Living Foundation (guru)

Tenzin Gyatso/Dalai Lama - Buddhism - Believed to be reincarnation of Buddha

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Leader of Mantrayana Buddhism

Desmond Tutu - Christianity - Archbishop of South Africa

Ayatollah Khomeini - Islam - first supreme leader of Iran

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi - Hinduism - Transcendental Meditation (yogi)

John X of Antioch - Christianity - Primate of the Church of Antioch (greek)

Akihito - Shintoism - 125th emperor for japan (descendant of Amaterasu)

Theology

The foundations of a religion - what is it based on? (Jesus for christians, siddharta for buddists)

Dogma

The beliefs of a religion - what’s real/not real? (afterlife for most religions)

Doctrine

The rules of a religion (shoes off before entering temple for islam)

Hinduism

Pessimistic polytheistic religion - began in india - NO FOUNDER

Hinduism Holy Book

Vedas - Written in Sanskrit

Tells stories and how to practice religion

Hinduism Deities

Brahman - Overall Spirit - All powerful

Brahma - The creator (birth)

Vishnu - The preserver (life, karma)

Shiva - The destroyer (death)

Karma and Reincarnation

Your actions in this life determine how bad/good your next life is

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You get reincarnated into a worse caste/animal if sinning

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Cremation to get rid of your souls “container”

Hindu Caste System

1. Brahmin - Priests, Royals - Cow (Sacred Animal)
2. Kshatriyas - Warriors, Police, Military - Lion, Tiger
3. Vaisyas - Merchants, Businessmen - Monkey
4. Sundras - Farmers - Pig, Sheep, Chicken
5. Pariah/Untouchables - Disgusting Jobs - Rat, Snake

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Stuck in caste for LIFE

Moksha

Perfect Karma - Become one with Brahmin

Escaping the cycle of reincarnation

Basically impossible to achieve

Hindu Teachers

Yogi - Focuses on physical karma

Guru - Focuses on spiritual/mental karma

Monotheism vs. Polytheism

Monotheism - One God

Polytheism - Multiple Gods

Diwali

Hindu Festival of lights (basically new year - triumph over good and evil)

Caste Daily Life (Hinduism)

Patriarchy - male-dominated society (India)

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Arranged Marriage

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Dowry - parents of bride give gift to groom (expensive)

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Suttee - Husband dies so they kill wife

Buddhism

Began in India

Believes in Reincarnation & Karma but optimistic (has an answer)

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Not impossible to end reincarnation (unlike hinduism)

Founder of Buddhism

Siddharta - born a prince (Brahmin)

Escapes palace, sees pain, wants to stop suffering

Becomes hermit and meditates constanty

Denies himself everything (no wants)

Discovers the secret to happiness - written in Dharma

Prayer Wheel

Symbol of Buddhism showing the universe is in constant motion

Buddhism Beliefs

Nirvana - Perfect state of happiness/Karma

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No God(s) but a universal force

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Buddha means “the enlightened one”

Holy book of Buddhism

Tripitika - 3 books:


1. Life and stories of Siddharta
2. How to practice Buddhism
3. Prayers, hymns, forms of meditation

Four Noble Truths (Theology of Buddhism)

1. Like is full of suffering
2. Suffering is caused by desire
3. To get rid of suffering, get rid of desire
4. To end desire, follow the Eightfold Path

How to achieve Nirvana

Middle Way

Noble Eightfold Path

Middle Way

All actions in life should be done in moderation

Noble Eightfold Path

1. Knowledge of Truth
2. Say/do nothing to hurt others
3. Resist evil
4. Respect life
5. Keep mind/body free of evil
6. Control thoughts/feelings
7. Practice forms of concentration
8. Have a job that doesn’t hurt others

Sangha

Buddhist monastery (temple/school for monks)

Lama

Teaches people how to become better Buddhists

Types of Buddhism

1. Theraveda - Way of the elders (oldest)


1. There is only one Buddha (Siddharta) who’s like God)
2. Can’t become a Buddha

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2. Mahayana - Great Vehicle


1. There’s ben many Buddha’s in history (Jesus, Mohammad)

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3. Mantrayana - Great Recitation Vehicle


1. Leaders are the reincarnation of Siddharta (Dalai)
2. Believes in magic and mediums

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4. Zen - Practice Meditation (China)


1. Self-Discipline
2. Achieving peace through meditation

Taoism

Originates in China (1000 B.C.)

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Based on making YOU happy

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Polytheistic

Jade Temple

Jade Emperor at the top

Walk to top, sacrifice, walk down all in a day - long life

Founder of Taoism

Lao Tzu (lived during wartime)

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A wise teacher who wrote down his teachings - now holy book

Holy book of Taoism

Tao Te Ching (the way and its power) - written by Lao Tzu

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Teaches how to live life to be happy and successful

Wu Wei

The foundation of Taoism (theology)

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All actions in life should be spontaneous (no plans)

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Problems arise in life when you stop and think - do what makes you happy

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Wind and Water - never stops

Yin and Yang

Represents the universe: balance between good/evil, constantly moving

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Yin: male, active, light

Yang: female, passive, dark

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Dots: Shows males can have a bit of tenderness and female can have aggressiveness (keeps balance)

Chinese Medicine

Chi - in every person there is a ball of energy - must be constantly moving (if not then sickness/pain)

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Acupuncture: needles poked in skin to help flow of chi

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Massage: Applying pressure to open pathway for chi

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Herbology: Various ingredients mixed as soup as an “elixir” - (all living things have yinyang components)

Tai Chi Chuan

Exercise based on movement of nature that enables constant motion of chi

Founder of Tai Chi

Chang San Fang (Taoist monk)

Chinese Food (taoism)

Balance of senses: no overpowering flavors and/or colors

Combining various yin yang characteristics

Chuang Tzu

Taoist who searches for immortality

Yang Hsiung

Taoism becomes a religion (develops deities and worship)

Tien Shan (Qingchen Mts.)

Taoist deities live in this mt. range

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Different peaks have different temples for different deities

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Highest peak: jade temple for the Jade Emperor

Jade Emperor

Most power god for Taoism (like zeus). God of good fortune

Lantern Festival (taoism)

write wishes inside lanterns, they float up to heaven, read by Jade emperor and granted (tangled lanterns)

Shintoism

The native religion of Japan - Polytheism - NO FOUNDER (500 B.C.)

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Based on human beings relationship with nature

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All living things have spirits (theology)

Shintoism Deities

Amaterasu - Sun goddess (Jap. emperors are descendants)

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Jimmu Tennu - First emperor (descendant of sun goddess)

\-inventions are from him

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Akihito - Current emperor (125th descendant of Amaterasu)

\-in charge of religious ceremonies/festivals

Norito

Shintoism Ceremonial prayers (performed by priests)

Nippon

Origin of Sun

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The Japanese call themselves this bc they “come from Amaterasu” (racial superiority)

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Red dot in flag is the sun

Shintoism in Japanese Art

1. Landscape Gardening and Flower Arrangements


1. Plants placed in certain order so their spirits provide maximum enjoyment
2. Tea Ceremony


1. Girl learns to make tea and presents it to eldest male
2. Noritos said

Kana

Ancient language of Japan (system of writing)

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Used for poetry - Singing

Haiku

17 syllables (3 lines)

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Subject: Emotion in nature

Tanku

31 syllables (5 lines)

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Subject: Action in nature

Christian God

Yahweh

Islam God

Allah

Judaism God

Adonai

Islam holy book

Qur’an - revelations from God to Muhammad

Judaism holy Book

TeNaKh: Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim

Five pillars of islam

1. Testimony of faith
2. Prayer 5x a day
3. Charity
4. Fasting during Ramadan (sunup to sundown)
5. Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca (holy city)

Muhammad

Founder of Islam

Imam

Islam prayer leader

Mosque

Islamic place of worship - Friday is the Sabbath

Judaism laws/doctrine

Tahmud

Important people/places Judaism

Abraham - founder

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Rabbi - teacher

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Synagogue - where they worship (friday evening-saturday)

Sects Christian

Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant

Sects Islam

Sunni (more popular) - elect’s the imam’s (leaders)

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Shi’i (iran and iraq) - imams are descendants of mohammad

Sects Judaism

Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed