Weight training

What is flexion in relation to body movement?

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, bringing them closer together.

What is the opposite of flexion?

Extension; a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

What is hyperextension?

Extending a joint beyond its normal, safe range of motion, which can lead to injury.

What does range of motion refer to?

The full movement potential of a joint, expressed in terms of direction and distance.

What is abduction?

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

What is circumduction?

A circular movement of a body part that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

What does it mean if a body part is described as lateral?

It is away from the midline or to the side of the body.

What does it mean if a body part is described as medial?

It is toward the midline or center of the body.

What is dorsiflexion?

Upward flexion of the foot, where the top of the foot moves toward the shin.

What is plantarflexion?

Downward movement of the foot, where the toes and foot point away from the body.

What is inversion?

The turning inward of a body part, specifically the foot, where the sole turns toward the opposite foot.

What is eversion?

The turning outward of a body part, specifically the foot, where the sole moves away from the midline.

What is hypertrophy?

An increase in the size and mass of a muscle, typically achieved through resistance training.

What is the overload principle?

The concept that a greater-than-normal stress or load must be placed on the body for a fitness program to continue improving.

What is isometric contraction?

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle generates force without changing length.

What is eccentric contraction?

A muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while under tension.

What is concentric contraction?

A muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while generating force.

What is supination?

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces forward or upward.

What is pronation?

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces backward or downward.

What is resistance training?

A type of exercise that causes muscles to contract against an external resistance.

What are plyometrics?

Exercise that uses explosive, rapid stretching and contracting of muscles to increase power and explosiveness.

What are drop sets?

An advanced training technique where you perform an exercise to muscle failure, then immediately drop the weight and perform more repetitions.

What does anterior mean in anatomical terms?

The front side of a structure or the body.

What does posterior mean in anatomical terms?

The back side of a structure or the body.

What is split training?

A workout routine that divides training by muscle group, targeting different muscle groups on different days.

What is muscular endurance?

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeatedly exert force over an extended period without fatiguing.

What is the difference between resting heart rate and exercise heart rate?

Resting heart rate is measured at rest, while exercise heart rate is measured during physical activity.

What is periodization?

A training plan that varies training specificity, intensity, and volume over planned periods.

What is atrophy?

The wasting away or decrease in the size of a body part, organ, or tissue, often due to disuse, aging, or disease.