Weight training

Flexion- A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts,

bringing them closer together, such as bending the elbow.

2) Extension- The opposite of flexion; a movement that increases the angle

between two body parts, or straightening a joint.

3) Hyperextension- Extending a joint beyond its normal, safe range of motion.

This can lead to injury.

4) Range of motion- The full movement potential of a joint, expressed in terms

of direction and distance. Good range of motion is a sign of joint health.5) Abduction- Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, such

as lifting your arms out to the side.

6) Adduction- Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body, such as

lowering your arms back to your sides.

7) Circumduction- A circular movement of a body part, like the arm or leg, that

combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

8) Lateral- Away from the midline or to the side of the body. For example, your

ears are lateral to your nose.

9) Medial- Toward the midline or center of the body. For example, your chest is

medial to your arms.

10) Dorsiflexion- Upward flexion of the foot, where the top of the foot moves

toward the shin.11) Plantarflexion- Downward movement of the foot, where the toes and foot

point away from the body.

12) Inversion- The turning inward of a body part, specifically the foot, where the

sole turns toward the opposite foot.

13) Eversion- The turning outward of a body part, specifically the foot, where

the sole moves away from the midline.

14) Hypertrophy An increase in the size and mass of a muscle. This is

typically achieved through resistance training.

15) Overload Principle - The concept that a greater-than-normal stress or

load must be placed on the body for a fitness program to continue improving.16) Isometric - A type of muscle contraction where the muscle generates force

without changing length. An example is holding a plank position.

17) Eccentric - A muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while under

tension. This is the "lowering" phase of an exercise, such as lowering a weight

during a bicep curl.

18) Concentric - A muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while

generating force. This is the "lifting" phase of an exercise, such as lifting a weight

during a bicep curl.

19) Supination - Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces forward or upward.

In the foot, it involves the sole turning inward.

20) Pronation - Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces backward or

downward. In the foot, it's the natural inward roll when walking or running.21) Resistance Training - A type of exercise that causes muscles to contract

against an external resistance (like weights, bands, or body weight) to increase

muscular strength and endurance.

22) Plyometrics - Exercise that uses explosive, rapid stretching and

contracting of muscles, such as jumping, to increase power and explosiveness.

23) 24) Drop Sets - An advanced training technique where you perform an exercise

to muscle failure, then immediately "drop" the weight and perform more

repetitions until failure.

Anterior - The front side of a structure or the body. For example, your knee

caps are on the anterior part of your body

25) Posterior - The back side of a structure or the body. For example, the

hamstring muscles are on the posterior of the leg.

26) Split Training - A workout routine that divides training by muscle group,

with different muscle groups targeted on different days. This allows for focused

work and recovery.

27) Muscular Endurance - The ability of a muscle or muscle group to

repeatedly exert force over an extended period without fatiguing.28) Resting Heart Rate vs Exercise Heart Rate - Resting heart rate is

the number of heartbeats per minute when the body is at rest. Exercise heart rate

is the number of heartbeats per minute during physical activity.

29) Periodization - A training plan that varies training specificity, intensity, and

volume over planned periods to promote long-term improvement and prevent

overtraining.

30) Atrophy - The wasting away or decrease in the size of a body part, organ,

or tissue, often due to disuse, aging, or disease