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Stereotype Threat (Stereotype Threat)
Spencer et al: Fear of confirming a stereotype while performing task negatively impact math performance. Told test produces gender difference and preformed worse than control group.
Social Identity Theory
Abrams: Determine if being in an in-group would affect an individual’s willingness to conform. Majority conformed to wrong judgement. Self-categorization theory, tend to exaggerate difference.
Social Cognitive Theory
Kimball: Does violent TV increase aggressive behavior. Increase with higher levels of violent media. Observed greater in boys than girls. Behavior influenced by observed behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
Huesmann + Eron: Aggression in children would increase over longitude. Higher violence = higher aggression, likely arrested as adults. Observation and imitation play role in learning behavior.
Stereotypes Formation
Harris and Fiske: Role of preformal cortex and amygdala in perusing “extreme out groups”. Participants rate how they felt at image on scale factor. Amygdala and chain of reactions associated with disgust when shown homeless/addicts. SIT may be over simplified.
Stereotypes Formation and Social Identity Theory
Hillard and Liben: Role of social categorization on development of stereotype/behavior. Completed test of which sex should preform activity. Then placed in high and low(control) salience groups. Higher salience decreased play with opposite sex.
Stereotype Threat
Stone: Impact on sports performance. One group told tested on strategy, ability and psychology (control). Blacks performed worse in intelligence and whites performed worse in ability. The higher the threat, worse they preform. Threat discourages efforts during practice and task.
Memory Distortion
Martin + Halverson: Effect of stereotype on behavior, culture effect on behavior. Children given test to assess level of stereotype through photos. Children more confident who photos matched schema. Stereotypes affect encoding and retrieval of memory.
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