d3.1

Flashcards covering key concepts related to sexual and asexual reproduction, meiosis, hormonal regulation, and reproductive systems.

What is asexual reproduction characterized by?

Involves one parent; offspring are clones, genetically identical to the parent and each other.

What are the types of asexual reproduction?

Fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis.

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction in stable environments?

Rapid reproduction and genetic uniformity that allows effective adaptation.

What are the main disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Low genetic variation, decreased adaptability, and less potential for evolution.

What defines sexual reproduction?

Involves two parents and the union of specialized sex cells or gametes, leading to genetic variation.

What is crossing over and when does it occur?

A process during Prophase I of Meiosis where genetic material is exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

What is independent assortment?

The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during Metaphase I of Meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

What significant change occurs during fertilization?

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a unique diploid zygote.

What are the key hormonal changes in the female reproductive cycle?

Involves the secretion of FSH, LH, oestradiol, and progesterone controlling ovarian and uterine cycles.

What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

Facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste between the mother and fetus.