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CURATIVE RADIOTHERAPY

This is the application of radiotherapy alone to cure.

Used in cases of early-stage Hodgkin’s

lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, some skin cancers, and early glottic cancers

curative radiotherapy = definitive radiotherapy. for example:cancer free

PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY

This is the alleviation of cancer symptoms by applying palliative doses of radiation. Used in cases of brain and bone metastases and superior vena cava syndrome for example

PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY WITH CURATIVE DOSES

Administration of high doses of radiotherapy in cases where other treatment modalities cannot be applied for different reasons.

Used in cases of inoperable lung/laryngeal

cancer and brain tumors for example

PROPHYLACTIC (PREVENTIVE) RADIOTHERAPY

This is the prevention of possible metastases or recurrences through the application of radiotherapy. An example is whole-brain radiotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and small cell lung

cancer.

TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION

This is the ablation of bone marrow by

radiation in order to suppress the immune system, eradicate leukemic cells, and clear space for transplant cells during bone marrow transplantation conditioning.

ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy given after any kind of treatment modality

NEOADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy given before any kind of treatment modality

RADIOCHEMOTHERAPY (CHEMOTHERAPY)

Radiotherapy given concurrently with

chemotherapy

EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY TELETHERAPY/

EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy applied to the body externally

using treatment machine

BRANCHYTHERAPY (ENDOCRINE THERAPY/ SEALEDSOURCE RADIOTHERAPY)

Radiotherapy performed by placing

temporary or permanent radiation sources

into body cavities

INTRAOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY (IORT)

Radiotherapy given under intraoperative

conditions, usually by electron beams or

low-energy x-rays

It is delivered to the tumor bed just after the

external radiotherapy is generally required

afterward

STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY (SRT)

Radiotherapy delivered by several beams

that are precisely focused on a

three-dimensionally localized target

thermoplastic mask

A special frame that used for CNS tumors, while a body frame may or may not be used for extracranial sites

STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY (SBRT)

▪ It is fractionated radiotherapy (in a single

or limited number of fractions) for well-

defned extracranial malignant/benign

lesions.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RT

(3D-RT)

A radiotherapy technique where the dose

volume is made to conform closely to the

target through the use of 3D anatomical

data acquired from CT or MRI imaging

modalities.

The aim is to apply the maximum dose to

the target while sparing neighboring

structures as much as possible with the aid of advanced computer software and

hardware.

A highly developed form of 3D-CRT

IMRT provides a highly conformal dose

distribution around the target through the

use of nonuniform beam intensities

This is achieved through using either static

or dynamic segments

The isodose distribution can be matched

closely to the target by modulating the

intensity of each segment

IMAGE-GUIDED RADIOTHERAPY (IGRT)

The integration of various radiological and

functional imaging techniques in order to

perform high-precision radiotherapy.

The main aims are to reduce setup and

internal margins, and to account for target

volume changes during radiation therapy,

such as a tumor volume decrease or weight

loss.

it is a relatively tissue specific treatment and hematoporphyrin derivatives are used Mechanism of action is that

hematoporphyrin derivatives persist for

several days in tumoral tissues, although

they are excreted a few hours after injection

into normal tissues Hematoporphyrin derivatives create cytotoxic effects when exposed to light of certain wavelengths

TOMOTHERAPY

It is the IMRT type in which the irradiation

head rotates 360° around the treatment

volume, similar to the CT.

Includes 64 MLCs and treatment verifcation

is easier due to daily CT scans.

CYBERKNIFE (ROBOTIC RADIOSURGERY)

A type of SRT/radiosurgery technique

It provides frameless treatment of tumors at

both cranial and extracranial sites, and

utilizes a 6 MV linac mounted on a robotic

arm

BORON NEURTON CAPTURE THERAPY

Boron compound that is selectively

absorbed by brain tumor cells is given to the patient The tumor tissues that absorb the boron are then irradiated with slow neutrons

alpha radiation, alpha particles

The boron atoms react with these neutrons

to generate - which damages

DNA via ionization events

HYPERTHERMIA

this prevents tumoral repair by utilizing a

supraadditive (synergistic) effect with

radiation: tumor tissues get colder more

slowly than normal tissues.

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Hyperthermia is more effective under

hypoxic and acidic conditions. The critical temperature for hyperthermia is