AP WORLD HISTORY REVIEW GUIDE

Dar Al Islam

Regions where Islam is the dominant religion practiced.

Abbasid Caliphate

An Islamic kingdom with its capital in Baghdad, focused on trade and commercial systems.

Confucianism

A philosophical belief in China that emphasizes morality, social relationships, and justice.

Filial Piety

The practice of honoring ancestors and prioritizing family respect, emphasized in Neo-Confucianism.

Foot Binding

A practice in Song dynasty China where young girls had their feet broken to achieve a smaller shape.

Bureaucracy

A system of governance or management where decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.

Civil Service Exam

An exam required to enter the bureaucracy in China during the Song dynasty, typically accessible only to wealthy men.

Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians to convert Muslims and recapture Jerusalem.

Delhi Sultanate

A series of Muslim dynasties in India that attempted to spread Islam in the 13th century.

Genghis Khan

The name adopted by Temujin after he established the Mongol empire in 1206, known for unifying Mongolia.

Silk Roads

Trade routes established by the Han dynasty in China that facilitated commerce and cultural exchange across Eurasia.

Ming Dynasty

The dynasty that followed the Yuan dynasty in China, known for its economic prosperity and cultural achievements.

Zheng He

A Ming dynasty eunuch who led voyages of exploration across the Indian Ocean.

Bhakti Movement

A devotional trend in Hinduism that emphasized devotion to one god and challenged social hierarchies.

Mit'a System

Incan labor system requiring individuals to work on state projects for a certain period each year.

Printing Press

An invention by Johannes Gutenberg that made books easier to produce and increased literacy rates.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The forced transport of approximately 10-12 million enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in medieval Europe based on land ownership and allegiances.

Mercantilism

An economic theory where states sought to accumulate wealth by restricting imports and maximizing exports.

Social Darwinism

A belief applying natural selection to human societies, promoting the idea of racial superiority.

Meiji Restoration

The period of rapid industrialization in Japan starting in the late 19th century, triggered by Western influence.

Boxer Rebellion

A violent uprising in China in 1899 aimed at ending foreign influence and control.

Sepoy Revolt

The rebellion against British rule in India in 1857, driven by cultural and religious insensitivity.

Treaty of Nanjing

The treaty that ended the First Opium War, forcing China to open up to Western trade and cede Hong Kong to Britain.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.

Spheres of Influence

Regions in China dominated by foreign powers following unequal treaties after the Opium Wars.