hypothesis
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19 Terms
Hypothesis
An assumption, claim, or proposed explanation for an observation or phenomenon.
Null Hypothesis (Ho)
A claim that indicates the absence of relationship or difference between two values.
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha or H1)
A claim that indicates the presence of relationship or difference between values.
Hypothesis Testing
A decision-making process for evaluating or testing claims about a population based on sample information.
Level of Significance (α)
The maximum probability of committing a Type I error.
Type I Error
Occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected, also known as an Alpha error.
Type II Error
Occurs when a false null hypothesis is accepted or not rejected, also known as a Beta error.
One-Tailed Test
A test indicating that the null hypothesis should be rejected if the test statistic is in the critical region on one side of the mean.
Two-Tailed Test
A test indicating the null hypothesis should be rejected if the test statistic is in either of the two critical regions.
Confidence Level
The probability that a parameter lies within the specified interval estimate of the parameter.
Critical Value
A value that separates the critical region from the acceptance region in a hypothesis test.
Statistic
A value obtained by using all data values of a sample from a population.
Normal Distribution
A probability distribution whose graph is continuous, bell-shaped, and symmetric.
Parameters of Normal Distribution
Mean, mode, and median are equal and located at the center, only one mode exists, symmetric about the mean, and total area is 1.
Z-test for One Sample Mean
A parametric test used for hypothesis testing when the population variance is known.
T-test for One Sample Mean
A parametric test used for hypothesis testing when the population variance is unknown.
Chi-Square Test
A nonparametric test used to assess the significance of the association between categorical variables.
Paired T-test
A parametric test comparing means from the same group at different times.
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
A parametric statistical method used to compare means of three or more groups.
