AP Psychology Unit 5 Part 2

Reification

Treating an abstract concept (like intelligence) as if it were a concrete thing.

Factor Analysis

A statistical technique that identifies clusters of related abilities, supporting the idea of general intelligence.

General Intelligence (g)

A single underlying factor that contributes to performance across all intellectual tasks.

Savant Syndrome

A condition where a person with developmental disabilities displays exceptional ability in a specific area.

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Theory proposing eight independent intelligences rather than one general intelligence.

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Theory that intelligence consists of analytical, creative, and practical abilities

Analytical Intelligence

Academic problem-solving and reasoning skills.

Creative Intelligence

Ability to generate novel ideas and adapt to new situations

Practical Intelligence

Ability to solve real-world problems and adapt to everyday life

Emotional Intelligence

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions in oneself and others.

Social Intelligence

Ability to understand social situations and interact effectively with others

Convergent Thinking

Narrowing thinking to find one correct solution.

Divergent Thinking

Expanding thinking to generate multiple creative solutions

5 Components of Creativity

Expertise, imaginative thinking, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment.

Neurological Basis of Intelligence

Intelligence is linked to brain efficiency, neural speed, and connectivity.

Purpose of Binet’s Test

To identify children who needed special education services.

Mental Age

A measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children at a certain age.

Stanford-Binet Test

U.S. adaptation of Binet’s intelligence test by Lewis Terman.

IQ

A score representing intelligence relative to others of the same age.

IQ Formula

Mental Age ÷ Chronological Age × 100

Aptitude Test

A test designed to predict future performance or potential.

Achievement Test

A test that measures knowledge or skills already learned.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

An adult intelligence test with verbal, performance, and overall IQ scores.

Standardization

Uniform testing procedures and norms established from a representative sample.

Reliability

The consistency of a test’s results over time.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Content Validity

How well a test samples the material it is designed to measure.

Predictive Validity

How accurately a test predicts future performance.

Normal Distribution

A bell-shaped curve where most scores fall near the average.

Flynn Effect

The worldwide increase in average IQ scores over time.

Intellectual Disability

Below-average intellectual functioning with limitations in adaptive behavior.

Environmental Effects on Intelligence

Intelligence scores are influenced by education, nutrition, culture, and socioeconomic status.

Stereotype Threat

Anxiety that one will confirm negative stereotypes, which can impair performance